National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

Agency of Industrial Science and Technology

Yasushi Iwata

Akiyoshi Chayahara

Kanako Tomita

Naoaki Saito

Kazuyoshi Koyama

Mitsumori Tanimoto

Disclosed is a solar battery which: is made from a silicon semiconductor; has a high quantum-conversion efficiency; requires a small number of production steps during manufacturing; and is capable of being recycled in view of environmental load and material recycling. Specifically, a solar battery according to an embodiment of the present invention has a basic structure of a P&#x2014;Si&#x2014;N junction in which minute silicon clusters are inserted in a P&#x2014;N junction, and includes a quantum dot layer having a multiple energy level structure consisting of an energy level of a valence band and an energy level of a conduction band, and intermediate energy levels located between both the bands. The quantum dot layer is composed by periodically arranging silicon quantum dots consisting of silicon clusters with an average particle diameter of 2.5 nm or less and an inter-quantum-dot distance of 1 nm or less.

Solar battery

In a surface layer of an ultra-low carbon stainless steel comprising a seal function layer in the surface layer, an ion such as a nitrogen ion is implanted to form the seal function layer. Since the ultra-low carbon stainless steel comprising the seal function layer is excellent in elasticity, sealing properties, peelability and abrasion resistance, it can make a seal material which has been used unnecessary, and can realize all stainless-made products such as seal and joint system parts.

Ultra-low carbon stainless steel

In the time-of-flight mass spectrometer, the mass spectrometer with high resolution is provided which defines the initial position and the initial velocity of the charged particles and selects only the stable charged particles to measure. First, all of the charged particles Pe are accelerated to one direction in a homogeneous or spatially uniform electric field during a common finite period of time, and then all of the charged particles Pe are accelerated to the opposite direction of the former in a homogeneous or spatially uniform electric field during a common finite period of time and given the same momentum in the opposite direction of the former. Two kind of particle selection method can be adopted. Only the charged particles Pe passing through a predetermined position at a predetermined time are selected by the selector. The charged particles Pe passing through the selector are defected by the first and second deflectors and then only the charged particles passing through a predetermined point of the slit are selected and reach the ion detector. Finally, the mass spectrum is obtained by measuring the time-of-flight of the particles using the ion detector.

Growing community of inventors

Tsukuba, Japan

Yasushi Iwata