Nitto Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

Mitsubishi Rayon Company, Limited

Diafloc Co., Ltd.

Nitto Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha

Technology Research Association of Super Heat Pump Energy Accumulation

Yasuo Ogawa

Akihisa Furuno

Ichiro Watanabe

Kenzo Ariyama

Iwao Ohshima

Ryoji Handa

Jun Hosoda

Susumu Seki

Norimasa Yoshida

Seiichi Chiba

Nobuo Kurashige

Nobuharu Noji

Keiichi Sakashita

Kanehiko Enomoto

Zengiro Kawamura

Masao Hasegawa

Keiji Koike

Kenichi Inukai

Haruhiko Ishikawa

Masahide Ozaki

A method is described for producing acrylamide from acrylonitrile by the action of a microorganism having nitrilase activity in an aqueous medium, which comprises conducting the reaction in the presence of an alkali metal sulfate at an ionic activity of from 0.004 to 0.01 mole per liter while controlling the pH of said aqueous medium within a range of from 7 to 9 with an alkali hydroxide.

Method for producing acrylamide using a microorganism

A heat pump system adapted to use a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture preferably containing a high boiling temperature refrigerant as a primary component thereof is given an improved heat transfer efficiency and its pressure loss is minimized by arranging a refrigerant extracting means for removing the refrigerant stagnating in the system in an unfavorable state, in a vapor state in a condenser or in liquid state in an evaporator and returning the removed refrigerant into a refrigerant circulating passage of the system; and by constructing an evaporator of a flooded type at least at a portion adjacent to a refrigerant outlet portion of the evaporator.

Heat pump system

A process for preparing a cationic polymer which comprises polymerizing a monomer mixture containing acrylamide and a cationic alkenyl monomer represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents H or CH.sub.3 ; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent independently CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ; R.sup.4 represents H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 or a benzyl group; A represents --OC.sub.n H.sub.2n -- (wherein n=2 or 3), ##STR2## or --NC.sub.n H.sub.2n -- (wherein n=2 or 3); and X.sup.- represents Cl.sup.-, Br.sup.-, I.sup.-, CH.sub.3 SO.sub.4.sup.-, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 SO.sub.4.sup.-, 1/2SO.sub.4.sup.-- or CH.sub.3 COO.sup.-, in the form of a sheet in an aqueous medium, characterized in that the composition ratio of acrylamide/cationic alkenyl monomer is within the range of 95/5 to 5/95, and the polymerization is carried out in the presence of a phosphite. The polymers obtained according to this process are free from insolubles produced under the influence of oxygen.

Process for the preparation of cationic polymers

A process is described for producing acrylamide from acrylonitrile using an immobilized microorganism containing gel, which comprises immobilizing a microorganism having nitrilasic activity with a cationic acrylamide-based polymer gel and bringing acrylonitrile into contact with the immobilized microorganism gel in an aqueous medium containing substantially no salt.

Production of acrylamide using immobilized cells

A process is described for producing bacteria having a high nitrilase activity comprising incubating bacteria having an ability to produce nitrilase, wherein the improvement comprises using a culture medium containing a water soluble iron compound.

Process for producing bacteria having high nitrilase activity

In the production of a dried acrylamide polymer by polymerizing, in an aqueous medium, acrylamide alone or a monomer mixture comprising 50 mole % or more of acrylamide and at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith with a radical initiator, and then drying the resulting hydrous acrylamide polymer, the allowing of at least one of the following compounds [I], [II] and [III] to be present in the drying step or a step prior thereto enables the dried acrylamide polymer having a high molecular weight and a good dissolvability in water to be obtained:

Method for preparing acrylamide polymers

In the production of a dried acrylamide polymer by polymerizing, in an aqueous medium, acrylamide alone or a monomer mixture comprising 50 mole % or more of acrylamide and at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith with a radical initiator, and then drying the resulting hydrous acrylamide polymer, the allowing of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole to be present in the drying step or a step prior thereto enables the dried acrylamide polymer having a high molecular weight and a good dissolvability in water to be obtained.

Process for producing acrylamide polymers

A process for producing a partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide which has a high molecular weight and high water solubility and can be suitably used as a flocculant for water treatment and a size for paper manufacture comprising polymerizing an aqueous solution of an acrylamide monomer in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide and boric acid, whereby a partial hydrolysis of the polymer formed is also conducted substantially simultaneously with the polymerization. In an additional embodiment, a maturing of the polyacrylamide produced can be conducted by continuing to heat the polymer solution to increase the hydrolysis percentage.

Process for producing partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide in the

A process for producing a substantially nonionic water-soluble acrylamide polymer produced without the occurence of hydrolysis of the acrylamide polymer by heating when the reaction system undergoes an unavoidable heat aging such as due to heat of polymerization comprising polymerizing a comparatively high concentration aqueous solution of acrylamide in the presence of a specific water-soluble nitrogen compound.

Polymerization of acrylamide in the presence of water-soluble nitrogen

Process for purifying an acrylamide including the steps of (1) adding an inorganic base (excluding ammonia) to an aqueous solution containing 15 to 60% by weight of the acrylamide at a temperature of up to 60.degree.C in an amount of 0.1 to 1.5 wt. % based on the acrylamide and (2) blowing a gas, inert to the acrylamide, into the resulting mixture at a hydrogen ion concentration of a pH of 12 to 13.7 and if necessary, (3) subjecting the so treated acrylamide solution to an active carbon adsorption treatment.

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Kawasaki, Japan

Yasuo Ogawa