Hewlett-packard Development Company, L.p.

Hewlett-packard Company

Extreme Networks, Inc.

Qualcomm Incorporated

Xuguang Yang

Cormac Herley

Poorvi L Vora

Bindu Rama Rao

Prakash Kashyap

Sidney Andrew Jacobi

Harri Okonnen

Harri Okkonen

Sidney A Jacobi

Aspects of the present invention may be seen in an electronic device network that employs a generator to generate update packages and a corresponding update agent in the electronic device to update its firmware/software. The generator may employ bank order dependency analysis techniques to determine optimum bank orders. The generator may make use of an optimum bank order to generate update packages that are efficient and compact.

Update package generation based on analysis of bank dependency

Methods of updating an electronic device having an update agent employing preprocessing techniques is disclosed. The methods described permit an electronic device having a non-volatile memory to update a plurality banks in an efficient manner, by preprocessing the original contents of the non-volatile memory. The preprocessing may comprise shifting one or more banks before performing an update, so as to create a moving, unoccupied bank or 'bubble' into which the updated version of a bank may be stored. An embodiment of the present invention provides a reduction in the processing of the original memory contents, and extends the life of the non-volatile memory devices used.

Electronic device with an update agent that employs preprocessing techniques for update

Aspects of the present invention may be seen in a system and method for speeding up the processing of update packages by an update agent, by implementing at least a portion of the update agent in hardware. In an embodiment of the present invention, the update agent in hardware may process executable instructions in parallel.

Mobile handset with update agent implemented in hardware

A mobile handset network employs a generator to generate update packages and a corresponding update agent in mobile handset to update its firmware and/or software. The generator may employ multiple instruction streams and efficient encoding techniques to make the generated update packages efficient and compact. One of the multiple instruction streams may be used for variable length integers (VLI), which employs groups of a certain number of bits that can be extended as needed.

Generator based on multiple instruction streams and minimum size instruction set for generating updates to mobile handset

A network includes a virtual local area network (VLAN) and multiple spanning tree protocol domains (STPDs). Switches in the network receive messages from other switches and select one path for continued transmission of data based on the content of the messages. The content of each message identifies the path through which the message was transmitted. After one path is selected, all other paths are blocked. Once paths are blocked, no messages are transmitted through those paths to the switch. This eliminates redundant paths and provides a loop-free inter-domain topology throughout the network.

Method and system for maintaining a loop-free topology across multiple spanning trees in a virtual local area network

Discloses herein is wireless electronic device network employing a stream processing generator to generate updates in electronic devices capable of updating firmware and/or software contained therein. The stream processing generator may only use a small buffer of content for buffering information when transforming an original file into a new file. The stream processing generator is adapted to read a portion of in a file or a portion of a stream of content during processing and may fetch small blocks of data at a time and generate the difference information corresponding thereto.

Electronic device network providing streaming updates

Updated package generation based on analysis of bank dependency

A method and system is provided for inter-domain loop protection using a hierarchy of loop resolving protocols. The method includes receiving messages from inter-domain switches. The inter-domain switches belong to a plurality of loop-free network topology domains. A logical domain is abstracted that includes the inter-domain switches and logical links that connect the switches. Each logical link represents one of the physical loop free network topology domains that the inter-domain switches belong to. Then, the loops in the logical domain are eliminated. One or more logical links and ports associated with those logical links may be blocked to break the loops. This provides for a network free of inter-domain loops.

Method and system for inter-domain loop protection using a hierarchy of loop resolving protocols

A method and apparatus is described for detection and deterrence of counterfeiting that permits one to make legitimate color copies without introducing visual artifacts or experiencing substantial processing delays. The scheme detects a characteristic color of frequently counterfeited documents and alters the characteristic color in the copies. The scheme exploits the fact that conversion between color spaces is frequently accomplished using a color Look-Up Table (LUT). Because it represents no computational burden to alter the values in the LUT, we can efficiently modulate slightly the value of the characteristic color in a way that depends on the value of the counter. For example, at first even banknote green is rendered correctly. However, as the page uses more and more of the ink, a modulation function causes conversion to a darker value than the actual green requested. After using a significant portion of the ink required to render a banknote, the modulation function can switch again, and cause a lighter than requested green to be returned. The net effect of using this modulation function is that distinct bands will appear when an image of a banknote is printed. These visible marks appear on the page independently of the orientation of the note. If we consider a general image with a lot of green, we find that there is no visible difference between versions of the image rendered with and without the modulation scheme. The reason for this is that although many pixels of the general image may meet the criterion of being classified as &ldquo;banknote green&rdquo; in the LUT, they are dispersed and a minor increase or decrease in the value is not as noticeable as when a large amount of that ink is used in close proximity, as is the case on the back of a banknote.

Detection and deterrence of counterfeiting of documents having a characteristic color

Detection and deterrence of counterfeiting permits one to make legitimate color copies without introducing visual artifacts or experiencing substantial processing delays. An efficient counterfeit deterrence is enabled by the use of an hierarchic detection scheme, in which the majority of documents are classified as free of suspicion using a simple characteristic color detection algorithm that imposes a negligible computational burden. The remainder of documents, which are labeled as suspicious, receive analysis by a block-based morphologic detection algorithm and then possibly other additional detection algorithms. If the suspicious document is identified as being a secure document, this will lead to printing with selectively deteriorated service or complete denial of service. For one embodiment, a seal having characteristic color, size, shape and radial density profile is incorporated into the design of frequently counterfeited documents. In the case of US currency, the already present &ldquo;treasury green&rdquo; treasury seal can serve as a suitable seal. The document is partitioned into appropriately sized blocks. A block is labeled suspicious if it contains the characteristic color. The scheme uses a color look-up table (LUT) to detect an initial block with a pixel having the characteristic color. A block-based morphologic detection algorithm then uses dilation to group neighboring suspicious blocks into suspicious regions. One can then examine size, shape, density, and color density profile to check each suspicious region, and to thereby verify that printing of a counterfeit is being attempted. Conventional tests for counterfeit documents can also be used as a further, higher level test.

Detection and deterrence of counterfeiting of documents with a seal having characteristic color, size, shape and radial density profile

Detection and deterrence of counterfeiting permits one to make legitimate color copies without introducing visual artifacts or experiencing substantial processing delays. We enable an efficient counterfeit deterrence by the use of an hierarchic detection scheme, in which the majority of documents are classified as free of suspicion using a simple algorithm that imposes a negligible computational burden. The remainder of documents, which are labeled as suspicious, receive analysis by one or more potentially complex detection algorithms. If the suspicious document is identified as being a secure document, this will lead to printing with selectively deteriorated service or complete denial of service. For one embodiment, the scheme uses a color look-up table (LUT) to detect a characteristic color (or colors) of frequently counterfeited documents and alters the characteristic color in the copies if a more accurate second test verifies that printing of a counterfeit is being attempted. A conventional test for counterfeit documents can be used as a second (or higher) level test. A particularly effective second level detector characterizes a suspicious pattern by the size of the suspected area, and the frequency of the transition between the foreground and background colors.

Multi-level detection and deterrence of counterfeiting of documents with reduced false detection

Detection and deterrence of counterfeiting permits one to make legitimate color copies without introducing visual artifacts or experiencing substantial processing delays. An efficient counterfeit deterrence is enabled by the use of an hierarchic detection scheme, in which the majority of documents are classified as free of suspicion using a simple token detection algorithm that imposes a negligible computational burden. The remainder of documents, which are labeled as suspicious, receive analysis by one or more additional detection algorithms. If the suspicious document is identified as being a secure document, this will lead to printing with selectively deteriorated service or complete denial of service. For one embodiment, tokens having a characteristic color (or colors) and spacing, are incorporated into the design of frequently counterfeited documents. The scheme uses a color look-up table (LUT) to detect an initial token having the characteristic color. Upon detection of an initial token, a search is performed based on the expected token spacing in order to locate one or more additional tokens, and to thereby verify that printing of a counterfeit is being attempted. Conventional tests for counterfeit documents can also be used as a further, higher level test. A particularly effective higher level detector uses the locations of the detected tokens to determine orientation so that the suspected area can be compared with a corresponding portion of a secure document on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The invention has negligible impact on the time to render a page and negligible effect on general images and documents, while denying printing or generating visible artifacts on banknote or other secure document images. The scheme can be deployed in a printer driver with no hardware changes and can be adjusted to arrive at a compromise that allows reasonable detection, while causing minimal effect on legitimate users. Furthermore, this method can provide a visible indicator that currency is not counterfeit. Moreover, so long as the characteristic color and spacing of the tokens does not change, no alteration is required for a new series of notes.

Growing community of inventors

Sunnyvale, CA, United States of America

Xuguang Yang