University of Michigan

Apple Inc.

Stryker Corporation

Xiyu Duan

Thomas D Wang

Haijun Li

Richard Anthony Derenne

Jason James Wroblewski

Ueyn L Block

Richard Thomas DeLuca

Sanjay Dhall

Nicholas P Allec

Vishal P Lowalekar

Albert E Cerussi

Kenn Oldham

Maximillian C Bruggeman

Gaoming Li

Paul David Mannheimer

Saeed Mohammadi

Zhen Qiu

Mayur Bhushan Birla

Jongsoo Choi

A compact single-axis confocal endomicroscope is provided, capable of complying within 2.8 mm diameter endoscope space requirements. The single-axis confocal endomicroscope uses a folded path design achieved between a fixed mirror and a lateral plane scanning mirror thereby producing a high numerical aperture that allows for diffraction-limited resolution with sub-surface depths. The scanning mirror is formed on a fixed-position, scanning MEMS assembly and has a central aperture that allows for illumination beam expansion in the folded path design. A series of spacers are used to retain beam focusing optical elements in fixed positioned relative to the scanning MEMS assembly for coupling with a single mode fiber.

Ultra-compact microsystems-based single axis confocal endomicroscope

A compact single-axis confocal endomicroscope is provided, capable of complying with 2.8 mm diameter endoscope space requirements. The single-axis confocal endomicroscope uses a folded path design achieved between a fixed mirror and a lateral plane scanning mirror thereby producing high numerical apertures that allow for diffraction-limited resolution in sub-surface scanning. The scanning mirror has a central aperture that allows for illumination beam expansion in the folded path design.

Ultra-compact folded-beam path confocal endomicroscope

An asset tracking system includes a camera adapted to capture images and output signals representative of the images. The camera may include one or more depth sensors that detect distances between the depth sensor and objects positioned within the field of view of the one or more cameras. A computer device processes the image signals and or depth signals from cameras and determines any one or more of the following: (a) whether a patient care protocol has been properly followed; (b) what condition a patient is in; (c) whether an infection control protocol has been properly followed; and (d) whether steps have been taken to reduce the risk of a patient from falling. Alerts may be issued if any conditions of importance are detected.

Video monitoring system

An electronic device includes a device body having a back surface, a band configured to fasten the device body to a user with the back surface facing a body part of the user, an optical sensor system, and a device removal detector. The optical sensor system has a first optical measurement path and a second optical measurement path. The first optical measurement path has a first optical path length that differs from a second optical path length of the second optical measurement path. The device removal detector is configured to generate a device removal indication responsive to either of, a first set of object proximity measurements received from the optical sensor system for the first optical measurement path, or a second set of object proximity measurements received from the optical sensor system for the second optical measurement path.

Device removal indication using different object proximity thresholds

A computer-implemented method includes receiving a raw data set representing an image of a sample, identifying a first set of extremum by analyzing the raw data set using a metric algorithm, identifying a second set of extremum by analyzing the first set of extremum, and generating, based on the second set of extremum, a reconstructed image of the sample. A phase correcting scanner includes one or more processors, one or more scanner adapted to sequentially sample an object to generate a vector of raw data representing the object in a Lissajous pattern, and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing system to receive the vector of raw data, identify a first set of extremum by analyzing the raw data set using a metric algorithm, and identify a second set of extremum by analyzing the first set of extremum.

Phase detection and correction using image-based processing

Disclosed herein are electronic devices, detectors, systems, and methods for estimating a distance to an exterior object. Light pulses from an emitter on the electronic device or detector are received by at least one pair of light detectors positioned at different distances from the emitter. One or more ratios of strengths of signals of the light detectors are used to determine the object's distance. The ratios may be compared to a proximity curve to obtain the object's distance. If the ratio exceeds a critical distance value, a determination may be made that the exterior object has been separated from the electronic device. Wearable electronic devices, such as smart watches, may use the detectors, systems, and methods to determine if a user is wearing the electronic device.

Multi-pathway distance measurements for optical sensors

A wearable electronic device (e.g., an electronic watch) may detect and analyze one or more sensing signals corresponding to light detected by the device to determine whether the device is in a sensing state (e.g., the device is within a maximum sensing distance of a user). If the wearable electronic device is in the sensing state, the device may determine one or more physiological parameters from the same signals used to determine whether the device is in the sensing state.

Optical sensor for skin-contact detection and physiological parameter measurement at wearable electronic device

A wearable device includes a housing; a wrist band attached to the housing; first and second emitters positioned within the housing and configured to respectively emit, through a back of the housing, a first beam of electromagnetic radiation having a first infrared (IR) wavelength and a second beam of electromagnetic radiation having a second IR wavelength. The second IR wavelength is different from the first IR wavelength. The wearable device also includes a photodetector positioned within the housing and filtered to detect a set of electromagnetic radiation wavelengths including the first IR wavelength and the second IR wavelength; and a matter differentiation circuit configured to indicate, at least partly in response to signals indicating amounts of the first IR wavelength and the second IR wavelength received by the photodetector, whether the back of the housing is likely proximate to human tissue.

Devices having matter differentiation detectors

An optical probe assembly as a confocal endomicroscope includes an optical focusing stage that focuses an output beam onto a sample and a mirror scanning stage that is movable for scanning the output beam in both a lateral two dimensional plane and an axial direction, using a side-view configuration. The side-view configuration allows for output beam illumination and fluorescent imaging of the sample with greater imaging resolution and improved access to hard to reach tissue within a subject.

3-axis side-view confocal fluorescence endomicroscope

A multi-photon optical probe includes a probe housing, a lateral scanning stage coupled to a lateral mirror assembly and a remote axial scanning stage coupled to an axial mirror assembly. The lateral scanning stage is adapted to scan output laser energy over a planar scan area of the sample by moving the lateral mirror assembly. The axial scanning stage is adapted to scan the output laser energy over a vertical depth range of the sample, which, combined with the planar scan area, forms a 3-dimensional volume. A controller operates in conjunction with a number of remote actuating legs coupled to the axial mirror assembly in order to provide level imaging plane which in turn provides for a clear scanned image.

Multi-photon endomicroscope for vertical cross-sectional imaging

An optical probe scanning assembly for use in an optical probe includes a mirror assembly that focuses an illumination beam path and a collection beam path at a region of interest within the sample. The illumination beam and the collection beam overlap to form a confocal beam region. The mirror assembly is movable in an x-axis direction and in a y-axis direction to scan the confocal beam region within the sample. The scanning assembly further includes a scanning suspension system including a gimbal assembly connected to the mirror assembly to allow the mirror assembly to rotate about one or more axes. The mirror is thereby adapted to scan along at least two different orthogonal planes, one of which extends vertically into the sample.

3D MEMS scanner for real-time cross-sectional endomicroscopy

A monitoring system includes a camera adapted to capture images and output signals representative of the images. The camera may include one or more depth sensors that detect distances between the depth sensor and objects positioned within the field of view of the one or more cameras. A computer device processes the image signals and or depth signals from cameras and determines any one or more of the following: (a) whether a patient care protocol has been properly followed; (b) what condition a patient is in; (c) whether an infection control protocol has been properly followed; and (d) whether steps have been taken to reduce the risk of a patient from falling. Alerts may be issued if any conditions of importance are detected.

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Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

Xiyu Duan