Leland Stanford Junior University

Xing Xie

Craig S Criddle

Yi Cui

Meng Ye

Mauro Pasta

Brian J Cantwell

George F Wells

Yaniv D Scherson

Koshlan Mayer-Blackwell

Vaishnav V Davey

Described herein is a mixing entropy battery including a cationic electrode for sodium ion exchange and an anionic electrode for chloride ion exchange, where the cationic electrode includes at least one Prussian Blue material, and where the mixing entropy battery is configured to convert salinity gradient into electricity.

Charge-free mixing entropy battery

A microbial battery is provided. At the anode, microbial activity provides electrons to an external circuit. The cathode is a solid state composition capable of receiving the electrons from the external circuit and changing from an oxidized cathode composition to a reduced cathode composition. Thus, no external source of oxygen is needed at the cathode, unlike conventional microbial fuel cells. The cathode can be removed from the microbial battery, re-oxidized in a separate oxidation process, and then replaced in the microbial battery. This regeneration of the cathode amounts to recharging the microbial battery.

Microbial batteries with re-oxidizable solid-state electrodes for conversion of chemical potential energy into electrical energy

A bioreactor designed to produce NO from organic nitrogen and/or reactive nitrogen in waste is coupled to a hardware reactor device in which the NO is consumed in a gas phase chemical reaction, e.g., catalytic decomposition to form oxygen and nitrogen gas. Heat from the exothermic reaction may be used to generate power. The NO may alternatively be used as an oxidant or co-oxidant in a combustion reaction, e.g., in the combustion of methane. The bioreactor may have various designs including a two-stage bioreactor, a hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor, or a sequencing batch reactor. The bioreactor may involve Fe(II)-mediated reduction of nitrite to nitrous oxide.

Microbial production of nitrous oxide coupled with chemical reaction of gaseous nitrous oxide

Growing community of inventors

Stanford, CA, United States of America

Xing Xie