University of Southampton

Xi Huang

Hywel Morgan

Matthew Charles Mowlem

Robin William Pascal

Apparatus () for sensing at least one parameter in water, which apparatus comprises: (i) a conductivity sensor () for sensing conductivity in the water; (ii) a dissolved oxygen sensor () for sensing dissolved oxygen in the water; (iii) a glass substrate (); and (iv) the conductivity sensor () and the dissolved oxygen sensor () are fabricated on the glass substrate () using photolithography and etching.

Apparatus for sensing at least one parameter in water

Apparatus () for sensing at least one parameter in water, which apparatus () comprises: (i) a conductivity sensor () for sensing conductivity in water; (ii) the conductivity sensor () is an electrode-based conductivity sensor having bare electrodes () which contact the water; (iii) there are at least four of the electrodes (); (iv) the conductivity sensor () is fabricated on a substrate () using photolithography and etching; (v) the conductivity sensor () is an open cell sensor having a physically unconstrained electric field; (vi) the conductivity sensor () is of a dot construction comprising a dot and a surrounding formation; (vii) the conductivity sensor () has two electrodes which are for current stimulation and which geometrically bound and enclose another two electrodes which are for voltage sensing; and (viii) the conductivity sensor () is a laminar construction on the substrate ().

Apparatus () for sensing at least one parameter in water, which apparatus () comprises: (i) at least one electrode based sensor () for sensing at least one parameter in water; and which apparatus () is such that: (ii) the electrode based sensor () has a self-cleaning electrode; (iii) the electrode based sensor () has a reference electrode; (iv) the self-cleaning electrode is stable in water; (v) the apparatus () is configured to operate by liberating chlorine from the water using a first waveform applied to the self-cleaning electrode; (VI) the apparatus () is configured to operate by liberating chlorine and oxygen from the water using a second waveform applied to the self-cleaning electrode; and (VII) the apparatus () is configured to preserve the condition of the reference electrode by periodically regenerating the reference electrode.

Apparatus with a self-cleaning electrode for sensing at least one parameter in water

Apparatus () for sensing at least one parameter in water, which apparatus () comprises: (i) a dissolved oxygen sensor () for sensing dissolved oxygen in the water; and which apparatus () is such that: (ii) the dissolved oxygen sensor () has a working electrode and a reference electrode; and (iii) a voltage signal is applied between the working electrode and the reference electrode, and the voltage signal provides a conditioning waveform, then a wait time, and then a measurement function.

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Southampton, United Kingdom

Xi Huang