The Penn State Research Foundation

Xi Chen

C Peter Romaine

Xingjie Ni

Yimin Ding

Yao Duan

Xuexue Guo

Embodiments relate to a photonic component having a metasurface. The metasurface includes a substrate with a thin-layer of meta-atoms disposed thereon. The photonic component includes a waveguide having a top surface, wherein the metasurface is disposed on at least a portion of the top surface such that the meta-atoms form an array on the top surface. The photonic component includes a sandwich nano-bar antenna formed in or on the metasurface.

Molding free-space light with guided-wave-driven metasurfaces

Applicants have devised a highly effective, convenient, and expeditious genetic transformation system for filamentous fungi, such as. The preferred method uses an-mediated transformation protocol. The critical features of this protocol include co-cultivation of the bacterium with fruit body tissue instead of spores. In a preferred embodiment, even higher transformation efficiencies were observed with the use of a homologous promoter in the polynucleotide expression construct in order to drive gene expression.

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Durham, NC, United States of America

Xi Chen