Siemens Aktiengesellschaft

Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft

Wolfgang Kohler

Eberhard Wittchow

Wolfgang Kastner

Rudolf Kral

Manfred Scholz

Konrad Kunstle

Dietmar Bittermann

Horst Weisshaupl

Sieghard Hellmann

Andreas Gobel

Egon Schneider

Walter Korn

Josef Artnik

Hermann Plank

Jurgen Eyink

Ulrich Fischer

The combustion chamber of a once-through steam generator is formed with walls of vertical tubes through which a flow medium flows from the bottom upwards. The tubes have a surface structure on their inner wall surfaces. Particularly favorable mass flow density m is established in the tubes at the load at which critical pressure prevails in the tubes according to the formula: ##EQU1## wherein q.sub.i is a heat flow density on an inner tube wall surface, T.sub.max is a maximum permissible material temperature of the tubes, T.sub.crit is a temperature of the flow medium at the critical pressure, .DELTA.T.sub.W is a temperature difference between the outer and inner wall surfaces of the tubes, and C is a constant.

Once-through steam generator and a method of configuring a once-through

Steam is generated by conducting a medium through a line which is exposed to solar irradiation. The line has a starting point where a medium supply line issues into the line. The heated medium is conducted away from the at least one line through a drain line. The medium, prior to feeding in at the starting point, is prepared in a power plant component and the medium is supplied at a pressure which is higher than the prevailing pressure in the at least one line, and at an enthalpy which is greater than an enthalpy of saturated water in the line. The medium is fed in as water or water and steam.

Method and device for solar steam generation

In once-through flow steam generators including a burner for fossil fuels and having a vertical gas flue with essentially vertically disposed tubes, inlet ends of the tubes are connected to an inlet header and outlet ends of the tubes are connected to an outlet header. According to the invention, a pressure-equalization tube branches off from each tube at the same height. The tube is connected to a pressure-equalization vessel. The height H is chosen in such a way that in the case of an individual tube being more strongly heated between the inlet header and the branching-off point of the pressure-equalization tube, the mass flow through the individual tube increases as compared to a mean value of the heating of all of the tubes.

Fossil fuel-fired once-through flow stream generator

A fossil-fired steam generator includes a gas flue having a surrounding wall being formed by tubes which are mutually joined gas-tightly and which are disposed substantially vertically and can conduct an upward flow through them on the medium side. The tubes in a first or lower part of the gas flue have a greater internal diameter than the tubes in a second part of the gas flue located above. On one hand, this ensures reliable cooling of the tubes. On the other hand, even additional or above-average heating of individual tubes does not lead to inadmissible temperature differences between outlets of the tubes.

Steam generator

A once-through steam generator includes tubes together forming combustion chamber walls and carrying fossil fuel burners. The tubes are frequently provided on their inner surfaces with fins forming a multiple thread and are connected parallel to one another for conducting a coolant flow. According to the invention, the internal tube diameter is a function of a quotient, and points determined by pairs of values of the internal tube diameter and of the quotient lie in a coordinate system between a curve and a straight line. A summated mass throughput of all of the tubes at 100% steam output divided by the circumference of the gas flue in a horizontal section through the combustion chamber is used to form the quotient, and four defined points then lie on the curve which has a steady ascending slope. Application of this configuration is advantageously possible even for once-through steam generators having nominal outputs down to far below 500 MW.

Once-through steam generator with a vertical gas flue of essentially

A nuclear reactor installation includes a reactor pressure vessel and a reactor core in the reactor pressure vessel. A supporting and protective structure supporting the reactor pressure vessel and surrounding the reactor pressure vessel on the bottom and laterally, has a bottom region and a circumferential wall. A core catcher device for the reactor core has a collecting basin for a core melt being installed below the reactor pressure vessel. The collecting basin has a bottom wall and a jacket wall being respectively separated from the bottom region and the circumferential wall of the supporting and protective structure by a spacing gap. Cooling channels are disposed in the spacing gap at the bottom wall and the jacket wall for exterior cooling of the collecting basin with a cooling liquid. Turbulence bodies are disposed in a surface region of the bottom wall for generating a turbulent flow of the cooling liquid flowing from the inside to the outside over the bottom wall toward the jacket wall. There is also a method for starting and maintaining exterior cooling of a core catcher device of a nuclear reactor installation.

Nuclear reactor installation with a core catcher device and method for

Distributor for two-phase mixtures, including a distributor drum, a feed tube leading into the distributor drum in a given direction, a plurality of outlet tubes leading from the distributor drum at an angle to the given direction, and a flat baffle plate being disposed in the distributor drum at a right angle to the given direction, the baffle plate having an edge leading symmetrically and smoothly to the outlet tubes.

Growing community of inventors

Kalchreuth, Germany

Wolfgang Kohler