Ruhrkohle Ag

Veba Oel Ag

Acetocell Gmbh & Co. Kg

Wolfdieter Klein

Claus Strecker

Alex Berg

Alfons Feuchthofen

Ulrich Bonisch

Ulrich Boenisch

Rudolf G Kunz, Deceased

Stefan Balle

Wim Janssen

In a three-stage process for the delignification of cellulose-containing raw materials, pulping is initially performed with a solution of concentrated aqueous acetic acid at an elevated temperature and under an elevated pressure. The resultant acetic acid-moist pulp is treated in a second stage with the aforementioned pulping solution with the addition of nitric acid and is then washed or extracted with water or with the pulping solution. In a third treatment stage, the thus-obtained acetic acid-moist pulp is treated with an ozone-containing gas.

Delignification of cellulosic raw materials using acetic acid, nitric

A method of processing hydrocarbon substances including coal, heavy crude oil, and bitumen by hydrogenating the hydrocarbon substance with a gas containing from 20%-100% hydrogen at a pressure in the range of from 50 bar to 700 bar and at a temperature in the range of from 250.degree. C. to 600.degree. C. to produce a hydrogenation residue which is treated in a secondary stripping operation using hydrogen gas at a pressure between about 1.2 bar and 150 bar to recover light hydrocarbon gases from the hydrogenation residue.

Method of processing substances

A process for the hydrogenation of a liquid hydrocarbon-containing charge material, comprising the steps of: (i) supplying a high temperature high pressure liquid phase hydrogenation reactor with two separately and indirectly heated charge streams, (a) a primary charge stream comprising liquid hydrocarbon oils, oil residues, syncrudes, tars or pitches and optionally coal, and hydrogen-containing gas, and (b) a directly heated secondary gaseous charge stream comprising hydrogen-containing gas, and combining said indirectly heated primary charge stream and said indirectly and directly heated secondary charge stream prior to said liquid phase hydrogenation reactor, hydrogenating the combined streams to produce a hydrogenation product and separating the hydrogenation product in a hot separator to give a hot separator head product; wherein said indirectly heated primary and secondary charge streams are heated by separate heat exchange means by heat exchange with said hot separator head product, and said secondary charge stream, after heating by heat exchange, is directly heated with a hydrogenation gas heater.

Process for the hydrogenation of liquid charge materials which contain

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Recklinghausen, Germany

Wolfdieter Klein