Electron Transfer Technologies, Inc.

Energy Conversion Devices, Inc.

Other

Reilly Industries, Inc.

Ayers Group, LLC

Electron Tranfer Technologies

Senetek P L C

William M Ayers

Mary Helen Dean

An internally powered electromagnetic signal transmitter is described in which defined magnetic fields direct beta radioisotope electrons to induce gigahertz oscillations in resonant cavities. The device resonant cavities can be fabricated from light weight metalized plastic materials to greatly decrease its weight compared to conventional gigahertz sources. The transmitter output power, frequencies, and longevity are a function of the magnetic field strength, radioisotope quantity, half-life, and decay energy. Embodiments of the disclosed devices can transmit frequencies in the S and Ka bands.

Method and apparatus for a radioisotope powered electromagnetic signal generator and transmitter

Method and apparatus for constant composition delivery of hydride gases

Described are methods and apparatuses for the electrochemical generation and constant concentration delivery of high purity gases used in the production of semiconductors and the doping of semiconductors.

Described are processes for producing amines from nitriles. The processes include electrocatalytic hydrogenations of nitriles in the presence of transition metal-oxide and/or transition metal-hydroxide cathodes to thereby form amines. Preferred modes of the invention provide highly advantageous processes for producing hexamethylenediamine from adiponitrile.

Electrocatalytic hydrogenations of nitriles to amines

An electrochemical apparatus and method for supplying volatile hydrides of sufficient purity, at the proper pressure, and in the required volume, for direct introduction into a chemical vapor deposition reactor in which semiconductors are manufactured and doped.

Method and apparatus for the electrolytic preparation of group IV and V

The present invention involves a method of chemically removing a mobile atom from a mobile atom-containing reactant molecule. The method includes: (a) absorbing the mobile atom-containing reactant on one side of a solid, mobile atom transmissive membrane; (b) passing the mobile atom through the membrane to the opposite surface; (c) reacting the mobile atom; (d) desorbing the mobile atom depleted reactant molecule from the reaction side of the membrane. The mobile atom may be hydrogen and the method preferably involves controlling the flux of mobile atoms through the membrane to control the rate of removal of mobile atoms from the first reactant molecule. Electrically conductive, atom permeable, biasing means are used to control the surface potential, e.g. biasing means on the hydrogen removal reaction side as well as biasing means on the opposite side of the membrane. The reactor used in the method is another aspect of the present invention.

Dehydrogenation reaction utilizing mobile atom transmissive membrane

Disclosed is a method of carrying out a mobile atom insertion reaction, such as a hydrogen insertion reaction, for the synthesis of reduced, hydrogenated compounds. Such reactions include the production of ammonia and hydrazine from nitrogen, formic acid and methanol from carbon dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide from oxygen. The insertion reactions are carried out at a bipolar mobile atom transmissive membrane comprising a membrane formed of a mobile atom pump material, as a hydrogen pump material, conductive atom transmissive means on one surface of the membrane and conductive atom transmissive means on the opposite surface of the membrane. The mobile atom, such as hydrogen, diffuses across the membrane, to provide a source of hydrogen on the insertion reaction side of the membrane. The insertion reaction side of the membrane is positively biased with respect to a counterelectrode so that a reactant molecule, such as carbon dioxide, is electrosorbed on that surface of the membrane. The electrosorbed reactant molecular chemically reacts with the surface hydrogen by the insertion reaction to form a reduced, hydrogenated product such as formic acid. Also disclosed is a chemical reactor, containing the membrane, and several electrical field assisted chemical reactions utilizing the membrane and reactor.

Mobile atom insertion reaction, mobile atom transmissive membrane for

Disclosed is a method of determining the state of charge and discharge of a host material, e.g., a hydride forming hydrogen storage material, or the interstitial content of an alloy material by the high frequency measurement of the time varying transfer function thereof.

Method of the measurement of interstitial atoms in alloys including the

An apparatus for the separation of macroion groups from a mixture utilizing a three field device for generating forces on the macroions including means for applying a centrifugal force, means for applying a magnetophoretic force, and means for applying a constant or variable electrophoretic force. In a separation step the centrifugal and magetophoretic forces assist in forming the macroions in separate groups of concentric bands on a rotating platform. The constant electrophoretic force may be optionally used to assist in this step. In an analytical step to characterize the mass and charge of the macroions, the electrophoretic and magnetophoretic forces are used to oppose the centrifugal force to control and hold the macroion bands at fixed positions on the platform. A band detection means is used to characterize the positions of the macroion bands on the platform. The variable electrophoretic force may be optionally used in a detection part of the analytical step. Various embodiments of the band detection means are illustrated.

Apparatus and method for the analysis and separation of macroions

Disclosed is a method of carrying out a mobile atom insertion reaction, such as a hydrogen insertion reaction, for the synthesis of reduced, hydrogenated compounds. Such reactions include the production of ammonia and hydrazine from nitrogen, formic acid and methanol from carbon dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide from oxygen. The insertion reactions are carried out at a bipolar mobile atom transmissive membrane comprising a membrane formed of a mobile atom pump material, as a hydrogen pump material, conductive atom transmissive means on one surface of the membrane and conductive atom transmissive means on the opposite surface of the membrane. The mobile atom, such as hydrogen, diffuses across the membrane, to provide a source of hydrogen on the insertion reaction side of the membrane. The insertion reaction side of the membrane is positively biased with respect to a counterelectrode so that a reactant molecule, such as carbon dioxide, is electrosorbed on that surface of the membrane. The electrosorbed reactant molecule chemically reacts with the surface hydrogen by the insertion reaction to form a reduced, hydrogenated product such as formic acid. Also disclosed is a chemical reactor, containing the membrane, and several electric field assisted chemical reactions utilizing the membrane and reactor.

Disclosed is a photolytic device comprising a photoelectrode having a plurality of stacked, individual photoelectric or photovoltaic elements between a substrate and an electrode, a counterelectrode which may be a separate spaced counterelectrode or the substrate, and an unbiased external circuit. Also disclosed is a method of forming hydrogen using the photolytic device.

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Princeton, NJ, United States of America

William M Ayers