United States of America As Represented by the Administrator of Nasa

University of California

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The United States of America As Represented by the Administrator of the

Osaro, Inc.

William Lance Richards

Allen R Parker, Jr

Hon Man Chan

Gregory Paul Carman

William L Ko

Gerbrand Ceder

Ben David Goodrich

Anthony Piazza

Francisco Peña

Zhengyan Lun

Philip J Hamory

Michael C Emmons

Anthony (Nino) Piazza

Daniil Kitchaev

Anthony Barra

Francisco Pena, Iii

Scott Michael Strutner

HuiWen Ji

Panduranga K Mohanchandra

A computer system trains a neural network on an instance segmentation task by casting the problem as one of mapping each pixel to a probability distribution over arbitrary instance labels. This simplifies both the training and inference problems, because the formulation is end-to-end trainable and requires no post-processing to extract maximum a posteriori estimates of the instance labels.

Instance segmentation by instance label factorization

A system for measuring magnetic field gradients comprising a multi-bay support structure with a series of raised contact shoulders separated from each other by voids. An optical fiber is spaced along the length of the multi-cell support structure and traverses all the raised contact points and voids. The optical fiber has a plurality of Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) spaced lengthwise, each FBG suspended in a void. In addition, a plurality of ferromagnetic members are strung onto the optical fiber, each suspended in a void. Magnetic field gradients act on the ferromagnetic member to create localized tension in the optical fiber. The FBG's refractive indices are monitored, tension is calculated therefrom, and the tension is correlated to the magnetic field gradient. This greatly simplifies mechanical, optical, electronic and computational complexity and is bay suited for any FOSS array for measuring magnetic fields using many dense measurement points.

Optical fiber-based distributed sensing of magnetic field gradients

A disordered rocksalt lithium metal oxide and oxyfluoride as in manganese-vanadium oxides and oxyfluorides well suited for use in high capacity lithium-ion battery electrodes such as those found in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. A lithium metal oxide or oxyfluoride example is one having a general formula: LiM'M&#x2033;OF, with the lithium metal oxide or oxyfluoride having a cation-disordered rocksalt structure of one of (a) or (b), with (a) 1.09&#x2264;x&#x2264;1.35, 0.1&#x2264;a&#x2264;0.7, 0.1&#x2264;b&#x2264;0.7, and 0&#x2264;y&#x2264;0.7; M&#x2032; is a low valent transition metal and M&#x2033; is a high-valent transition metal; and (b) 1.1&#x2264;x&#x2264;1.33, 0.1&#x2264;a&#x2264;0.41, 0.39&#x2264;b&#x2264;0.67, and 0&#x2264;y&#x2264;0.3; M&#x2032; is Mn; and M&#x2033; is V or Mo. The oxides or oxyfluorides balance accessible Li capacity and transition metal capacity. An immediate application example is for high energy density Li-cathode battery materials, where the cathode energy is a key limiting factor to overall performance. The second structure (b) is optimized for maximal accessible Li capacity.

Cation-disordered rocksalt lithium metal oxides and oxyfluorides and methods of making same

A method and system for rendering the quaternion shape and orientation of a three-dimensional structure. The proposed system and method keeps track of twist/roll angles and updates its effect on pitch and yaw orientations. The system relies on a single or multi-core optical fiber or multi-fiber bundle containing fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGs) arrayed in rosettes at 45&#xb0; deltas and spaced at uniform intervals along the entire length of the structure to be monitored. A tunable laser is used to interrogate the sensors using optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR), which detects shifts in the wavelength reflected by the sensors in response to strain on the fibers. Each sensor is continuously queried by software which determines the strain magnitude (&#x394;L/L) for each fiber at a given triplet. Given these measured strain values, the software implements a novel quaternion approach to rendering the 3D shape of the fiber including twist.

Fiber optic system for monitoring displacement of a structure using quaternion kinematic shape sensing

The present invention is an improved fiber optic sensing system (FOSS) having the ability to provide both high spatial resolution and high frequency strain measurements. The inventive hybrid FOSS fiber combines sensors from high acquisition speed and low spatial resolution Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM) systems and from low acquisition speed and high spatial resolution Optical Frequency Domain Reflection (OFDR) systems. Two unique light sources utilizing different wavelengths are coupled with the hybrid FOSS fiber to generate reflected data from both the WDM sensors and OFDR sensors operating on a single fiber optic cable without incurring interference from one another. The two data sets are then de-multiplexed for analysis, optionally with conventionally-available WDM and OFDR system analyzers.

High speed and high spatial density parameter measurement using fiber optic sensing technology

The invention is a magneto-optic coupled magnetic sensor that comprises a standard optical fiber Bragg grating system. The system includes an optical fiber with at least one Bragg grating therein. The optical fiber has at least an inner core and a cladding that surrounds the inner core. The optical fiber is part of an optical system that includes an interrogation device that provides a light wave through the optical fiber and a system to determine the change in the index of refraction of the optical fiber. The cladding of the optical fiber comprises at least a portion of which is made up of ferromagnetic particles so that the ferromagnetic particles are subject to the light wave provided by the interrogation system. When a magnetic field is present, the ferromagnetic particles change the optical properties of the sensor directly.

Magneto-optic field coupling in optical fiber Bragg gratings

A method and system for multiplexing a network of parallel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor-fibers to a single acquisition channel of a closed Michelson interferometer system via a fiber splitter by distinguishing each branch of fiber sensors in the spatial domain. On each branch of the splitter, the fibers have a specific pre-determined length, effectively separating each branch of fiber sensors spatially. In the spatial domain the fiber branches are seen as part of one acquisition channel on the interrogation system. However, the FBG-reference arm beat frequency information for each fiber is retained. Since the beat frequency is generated between the reference arm, the effective fiber length of each successive branch includes the entire length of the preceding branch. The multiple branches are seen as one fiber having three segments where the segments can be resolved. This greatly simplifies optical, electronic and computational complexity, and is especially suited for use in multiplexed or branched OFS networks for SHM of large and/or distributed structures which need a lot of measurement points.

Method and apparatus of multiplexing and acquiring data from multiple optical fibers using a single data channel of an optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR) system

The invention is an improved process for using surface strain data to obtain real-time, operational loads data for complex structures that significantly reduces the time and cost versus current methods.

Process for using surface strain measurements to obtain operational loads for complex structures

The invention is a method for obtaining the displacement of a flexible structure by using strain measurements obtained by stain sensors. By obtaining the displacement of structures in this manner, one may construct the deformed shape of the structure and display said deformed shape in real-time, enabling active control of the structure shape if desired.

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Palmdale, CA, United States of America

William Lance Richards