Nthdegree Technologies Worldwide Inc.

Printed Energy Pty Ltd

United States of America As Represented by the Administrator of Nasa

Avery Dennison Retail Information Services, LLC

Printegrica, Inc.

Rabin Worldwide, Inc.

William Johnstone Ray

Mark David Lowenthal

Neil O Shotton

Vera Nicholaevna Lockett

John G Gustafson

Richard A Blanchard

Mark Allan Lewandowski

Brad Oraw

Jeffrey Baldridge

Eric Anthony Perozziello

Yasser Salah

Donald Odell Frazier

Kirk A Fuller

Theodore I Kamins

Alexandra Elyse Hartman

Bradley Steven Oraw

Leila Daneshi

Sri Harsha Kolli

Peter Michael Bray

David R Bowden

Lixin Zheng

Timothy Charles Claypole

Xiaorong Cai

Steven B Roach

Michael LeFebvre

Chye Kiat Ang

Alexander Ray

Thomas Frederick Soules

Tricia A Youngbull

Eric Kahrs

Darin Wagner

Larry Todd Biggs

Reuben Rettke

Rodger Whitby

Thomas William Clinton

Vera N Lockett

Neil O Shotto

Mark Lowenthal

Richard Austin Blanchard

Mark M Lowenthal

The disclosed technology generally relates to thin film-based energy storage devices, and more particularly to printed thin film-based energy storage devices. The thin film-based energy storage device includes a first current collector layer and a second current collector layer over an electrically insulating substrate and adjacently disposed in a lateral direction. The thin film-based energy storage device additionally includes a first electrode layer of a first type over the first current collector layer and a second electrode layer of a second type over the second current collector layer. A separator separates the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. One or more of the first current collector layer, the first electrode layer, the separator, the second electrode layer and the second current collector layer are printed layers.

Thin film-based energy storage devices

The disclosed technology generally relates to energy storage devices, and more particularly to energy storage devices comprising frustules. According to an aspect, a supercapacitor comprises a pair of electrodes and an electrolyte, wherein at least one of the electrodes comprises a plurality of frustules having formed thereon a surface active material. The surface active material can include nanostructures. The surface active material can include one or more of a zinc oxide, a manganese oxide and a carbon nanotube.

Diatomaceous energy storage devices

A printed energy storage device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator between the first and the second electrode. At least one of the first electrode, the second electrode, and the separator includes frustules, for example of diatoms. The frustules may have a uniform or substantially uniform property or attribute such as shape, dimension, and/or porosity. A property or attribute of the frustules can also be modified by applying or forming a surface modifying structure and/or material to a surface of the frustules. A membrane for an energy storage device includes frustules. An ink for a printed film includes frustules.

Representative embodiments provide a liquid or gel separator utilized to separate and space apart first and second conductors or electrodes of an energy storage device, such as a battery or a supercapacitor. A representative liquid or gel separator comprises a plurality of particles, typically having a size (in any dimension) between about 0.5 to about 50 microns; a first, ionic liquid electrolyte; and a polymer. In another representative embodiment, the plurality of particles comprise diatoms, diatomaceous frustules, and/or diatomaceous fragments or remains. Another representative embodiment further comprises a second electrolyte different from the first electrolyte; the plurality of particles are comprised of silicate glass; the first and second electrolytes comprise zinc tetrafluoroborate salt in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidalzolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid; and the polymer comprises polyvinyl alcohol ('PVA') or polyvinylidene fluoride ('PVFD'). Additional components, such as additional electrolytes and solvents, may also be included.

Printable ionic gel separation layer for energy storage devices

A printed energy storage device includes a first electrode including zinc, a second electrode including manganese dioxide, and a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first electrode, second, electrode, and separator printed onto a substrate. The device may include a first current collector and/or a second current collector printed onto the substrate. The energy storage device may include a printed intermediate layer between the separator and the first electrode. The first electrode, and the second electrode may include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (CmimBF). The first electrode and the second electrode may include an electrolyte having zinc tetrafluoroborate (ZnBF) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (CmimBF). The first electrode, the second electrode, the first current collector, and/or the second current collector can include carbon nanotubes. The separator may include solid microspheres.

Printed energy storage device

Over a flexible substrate are deposited stacked pixel layers including a bottom layer of LEDs forming blue pixels, a middle layer of LEDs forming green pixels, and a top layer of LEDs forming red pixels. Each LED die comprises an LED portion and an integrated transistor portion. Applying a voltage to a control terminal of the transistor portion energizes the LED portion. The pixels are substantially transparent, due to the LEDs being microscopic and the pixel areas being much larger, to allow light from the underlying layers to pass through. The three layers of pixels are aligned so that a combination of a single top red pixel, a single underlying green pixel, and a single underlying blue pixel form a single multi-color pixel. The different layers have transparent column and row lines.

Three-layer color display using stacked LED layers

Three-layer color display using active LED dies

A programmable circuit includes an array of printed groups of microscopic transistors or diodes. The devices are pre-formed and printed as an ink and cured. The devices in each group are connected in parallel so that each group acts as a single device. In one embodiment, about 10 devices are contained in each group so the redundancy makes each group very reliable. Each group has at least one electrical lead that terminates in a patch area on the substrate. An interconnection conductor pattern interconnects at least some of the leads of the groups in the patch area to create logic circuits for a customized application of the generic circuit. The groups may also be interconnected to be logic gates, and the gate leads terminate in the patch area. The interconnection conductor pattern then interconnects the gates for form complex logic circuits.

Method for forming complex electronic circuits by interconnecting groups of printed devices

A conductive ink may include a nickel component, a polycarboxylic acid component, and a polyol component, the polycarboxylic acid component and the polyol component being reactable to form a polyester component. The polyester component may be formed in situ in the conductive ink from a polyol component and a polycarboxylic acid component. The conductive ink may include a carbon component. The conductive ink may include an additive component. The conductive ink may include nickel flakes, graphene flakes, glutaric acid, and ethylene glycol. The conductive ink may be printed (e.g., screen printed) on a substrate and cured to form a conductive film. A conductive film may include a nickel component and a polyester component.

Nickel inks and oxidation resistant and conductive coatings

Representative embodiments provide a composition for printing a liquid or gel separator utilized to separate and space apart first and second conductors or electrodes of an energy storage device, such as a battery or a supercapacitor. A representative composition comprises a plurality of particles, typically having a size (in any dimension) between about 0.5 to about 50 microns; a first, ionic liquid electrolyte; and a polymer or polymeric precursor. In another representative embodiment, the plurality of particles comprise diatoms, diatomaceous frustules, and/or diatomaceous fragments or remains. Another representative embodiment further comprises a second electrolyte different from the first electrolyte; the plurality of particles are comprised of silicate glass; the first and second electrolytes comprise zinc tetrafluoroborate salt in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidalzolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid; and the polymer comprises polyvinyl alcohol ('PVA') or polyvinylidene fluoride ('PVFD'). Additional components, such as additional electrolytes and solvents, may also be included.

Printable composition for an ionic gel separation layer for energy storage devices

Growing community of inventors

Fountain Hills, AZ, United States of America

William Johnstone Ray