Physical Sciences, Inc.

William J Marinelli

Prakash B Joshi

Dorin V Preda

B David Green

David A Skyler

Steven J Davis

Byron D Green

Karl W Holtzclaw

Anait Tsinberg

Anait Scherer

The coal ash can be sorted into groups of substantially unburned carbon and substantially burned carbon. The substantially unburned carbon or the substantially burned carbon can be magnetically treated to cause separation into a substantially magnetic portion and a substantially non-magnetic portion. The substantially magnetic portion or the substantially non-magnetic portion can be filtered into a substantially course portion and a substantially fine portion. The substantially coarse portion or the substantially fine portion can be treated with a mineral acid to form an aqueous mineral acid solution. The aqueous mineral acid solution can be extracted to form an organic solution that includes the rare earth salts. The organic solution can be mixed with water to form an aqueous solution that includes the rare earth salts. The rare earth salts can be separated from the aqueous solution.

Recovery of rare earth elements and compounds from coal ash

Rare earth elements are recovered from coal ash. The coal ash with rare earth elements can be treated with a mineral acid to form an aqueous mineral acid solution. The aqueous mineral acid solution can be extracted to form an organic solution that includes the rare earth salts. The organic solution can be mixed with water to form an aqueous solution that includes the rare earth salts. The rare earth elements are separated from the aqueous solution.

A spectrometer comprises a tunable interferometer for producing a monochromatic continuous image at an image plane and including two mirrors having substantially parallel surfaces and an adjustable spacing therebetween, a radiation detector located at the image plane for recording the image, a filter arrangement for allowing at least one predetermined range of wavelengths to pass to the detector, and a lens arrangement for collecting radiation and limiting radiation incident on the interferometer to an angle which is substantially perpendicular to the substantially parallel surfaces of the two mirrors.

Method and apparatus for imaging

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Harvard, MA, United States of America

William J Marinelli