Xerox Corporation

William H Hollenbaugh, Jr

Amy L Stamp

Scott M Silence

Hadi K Mahabadi

Michael Steven Hawkins

T Brian McAneney

Roger N Ciccarelli

Enno Eric Agur

Bernard Grushkin

Juan A Morales-Tirado

Thomas R Pickering

Sheau V Kao

Gerald R Allison

Padam K Angra

Merrilee A Galloway

Susan J Lafica

Karen Ann Moffat

Samuel Kaplan

Mark A Scheuer

Denise R Bayley

Joo T Chung

Alexander N Klymachyov

Timothy L Lincoln

Edward J Gutman

K Derek Henderson

Emily Louise Moore

Michael J Duggan

J Stephen Kittelberger

Kip L Jugle

James A Winters

John J Ianni

Gerardo Leute

Julia A Kohlmeier

Mark Petrush

John S Walters

Jeffrey McEwen

Edward Graham Zwartz

Daryl Walter Vanbesien

Yuhua Tong

Grazyna E Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz

Vladislav Skorokhod

Dongming Li

Samir Kumar

Paul C Julien

Eugene Frederick Young

John L Pawlak

Che C Chow

Hui Chang

Daniel W Asarese

Robert M Jacobs

Michael L Grande

Sue E Blaszak

Lewis S Smith

Brendan H Williamson

John G Ruhland

Thomas J Budny

Thomas Paul Debies

Nancy S Hunt

Dwight J Tshudy

Dennis A Mattison, Jr

Eunhee Lee

Mary L Mc Stravick

Kenneth Derek Henderson

Robin L Sheppard

Timothy J Key

Shigang S Qui

William T Delelys

Richard J Muller

Juan M Tirado

Included is an emulsion aggregation toner formulation having at least one latex and a combination of at least two waxes, wherein one wax is a synthetic wax, and another wax is a natural wax, and further including a developer containing a carrier and the just-described toner.

Toner composition having dual wax

A toner that includes at least one polyester resin wherein the amount of free polyvalent acid monomer in the polyester resin is less than 4 mg/gram, and wherein the percentage of the at least one polyester resin with a Mless than 1500 is less than about 10%.

Purified polyester resins for toner performance improvement

According to embodiments illustrated herein, there is provided a black toner having a resin, an optional additive, and at least two or more colored pigments, and the at least two or more colored pigments are selected from the group consisting of a blue pigment, a green pigment, a red pigment, a magenta pigment, a cyan pigment, a yellow pigment, a white pigment, and mixtures thereof, and the black toner has a colorimetric value L* of about less than 30.

Methods for making customized black toners

Disclosed herein are emulsion aggregation toner particles having less than about 15 atomic percent oxygen in relation to a total atomic percent of 100 for all elements on the surface thereof. Such toner particles exhibit lower marks on print defects.

Toner compositions

According to embodiments illustrated herein, there is provided a black toner having a resin, an optional additive, and at least two or more colored pigments, and the at least two or more colored pigments are selected from the group consisting of a blue pigment, a green pigment, a red pigment, a magenta pigment, a cyan pigment, a yellow pigment, a white pigment, and mixtures thereof, and the black toner has a calorimetric value L* of about less than 30.

A toner composition having toner particles comprising a gel latex, a high Tg latex, a wax, and a colorant. The gel latex is present in an amount of from about 3 weight percent to about 30 weight percent of the toner composition, the high Tg latex is present in an amount of from about 50 weight percent to about 95 weight percent of the toner composition, the wax is present in an amount of from about 2 weight percent to about 40 weight percent of the toner composition, and the colorant is present in an amount of from about 1 weight percent to about 25 weight percent of the toner composition.

Magnetic toner compositions, conductive developer compositions, and methods for producing images in a hybrid jumping development system, more specifically, in a magnetic ink character recognition system, are disclosed. The developer compositions contain coated magnetic toner particles and coated carrier particles. The toner compositions include a resin, colorant, wax, magnetic component, and surface additives of coated silica, titania, and zinc stearate.

Magnetic toner and conductive developer compositions

A black toner of toner particles including at least one binder, at least one black colorant, and a package of external additives is described, wherein the at least one binder includes a styrene acrylate binder and wherein the external additives include each of a first silica having an average particle size of from about 35 to about 45 nm, a second silica having an average particle size of from about 135 to about 160 nm, and a titania having an average particle size of from about 35 to about 45 nm. Also described is a developer that includes the black toner and carrier particles comprising a core of ferrite coated with a coating comprising a polymethyl methacrylate polymer and fluoro-copolymer, carbon black and melamine beads. The black toner and developer are preferably used in a semiconductive magnetic brush development system.

Emulsion aggregation black toner and developer with superior image quality

An apparatus comprised of a charging component, a development component, a transport component, a photoconductive component, and a fusing component, and wherein the development component contains a toner comprising at least one binder in an optional amount of from about 85 to about 99 percent by weight, at least one colorant in an optional amount of from about 0.5 to about 15 percent by weight, and calcium stearate in an optional amount of from about 0.05 to about 2 percent by weight and wherein following triboelectric contact with carrier particles, the toner has a charge Q measured in femtocoulombs per particle diameter D measured in microns (Q/D) of from about &#x2212;0.1 to about &#x2212;1 fC/&#x3bc;m with a variation during development of from about 0 to about 0.25 fC/&#x3bc;m and wherein the distribution is substantially unimodal and possesses a peak width of from about 0.1 fC/&#x3bc;m to about 0.5 fC/&#x3bc;m and the toner possesses a charge to mass M, as measured in grams, ratio (Q/M) of from about &#x2212;25 to about &#x2212;70 &#x3bc;C/gram with variation of Q/M during development of from about 0 to about 15 &#x3bc;C/gram.

Toners and developers

A toner comprised of resin, colorant and calcium stearate.

A toner for particular use in devices utilizing hybrid scavengeless development includes toner particles of at least one binder, at least one colorant, and optionally one or more additives, the toner exhibiting a charge per particle diameter (Q/D) of from &minus;0.1 to &minus;1.0 fC/&mgr;m with a variation during development of from 0 to 0.25 fC/&mgr;m and the distribution is substantially unimodal and possesses a peak width of less than 0.5 fC/&mgr;m, and the toner has a triboelectric charge of from &minus;25 to &minus;70 &mgr;C/g with a variation during development of from 0 to 15 &mgr;C/g following triboelectric contact with carrier particles. Use of a toner with such properties in a hybrid scavengeless development apparatus enables images to be achieved with properties similar to that achieved in offset lithography.

Toner and developer providing offset lithography print quality

A method of forming a toner having controlled properties for use in a developer composition finding particular use in a hybrid scavengeless development scheme includes feeding at least one binder and at least one colorant into a mixing device at a feed ratio, upon exit of the mixture from the mixing device, monitoring one or more properties of the mixture with at least one monitoring device, wherein if the monitoring indicates that the one or more properties being monitored is out of specification, removing the monitored mixture from the method and adjusting the feed ratio by adjusting the feeding of the at least one binder or of the at least one colorant, thereby retaining in-specification mixture in the method. The in-specification toner is ground, optionally together with a portion of one or more external additives, classified, and mixed with one or more external additives to obtain the toner having controlled properties.

Detection of the presence and amount of an external surface additive such as silica upon the surface of a toner is accomplished by treating the external surface additive with a fluorescent material and exposing the toner to ultraviolet light. This permits accurate quality control over the amount of the external surface additive required for the toner. The toner thus includes a binder resin and a colorant, and at least one external surface additive upon the surface of the toner, wherein the at least one external surface additive contains a fluorescent material. The fluorescent material may be a fluorescein dye.

Fluorescent treated external surface additives for toner

A replenisher material of toner particles and carrier particles, wherein a replenisher ratio of the toner particles to the carrier particles in the replenisher is determined as a function of at least one property of the developer and at least one operational property of an apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image recorded on an image receiving member, and wherein the apparatus includes a housing defining a chamber having a supply of developer comprised of toner particles and carrier particles therein, a donor member spaced from the image receiving member and adapted to transport toner particles of the developer from the chamber to a development zone adjacent the image receiving member, at least one wire positioned in the development zone between the image receiving member and the donor member, a voltage supply for electrically biasing the at least one wire during a developing operation with a current to detach toner particles from the donor member, forming a cloud of toner particles in the development zone, and developing the latent image with toner particles from the cloud, and at least one dispenser for dispensing replenisher comprised of toner particles and carrier particles into the chamber, wherein a replenisher ratio of the toner particles to the carrier particles in the replenisher is determined as a function of at least one property of the developer and at least one operational property of the apparatus. The replenisher ratio is preferably determined as a function of the tribo stability of the developer in a non-replenishment mode of the apparatus and/or as a function of the conductivity of the developer in a non-replenishment mode of the apparatus.

Method of replenishing developer in a hybrid scavengeless development system

A developer of a mixture of carrier particles and toner particles containing at least one binder, at least one colorant, and optionally one or more additives, has a triboelectric value of from 35 to 60 &mgr;C/g, a charge distribution (Q/D) of from &minus;0.5 to &minus;1.0 fC/&mgr;m and the distribution is substantially unimodal and possesses a peak width of less than 0.5 fC/&mgr;m, preferably less than 0.3 fC/&mgr;m, and a conductivity of the developer ranges from 1&times;10,to 10&times;10,mho/cm as measured at 30 V. The carrier particles of the developer preferably have an average particle diameter of 65 to 90 microns and a size distribution wherein 2.0% or less of a total number of carrier particles have a size less than 38 micrometers. The ratio of carrier volume median diameter to toner volume median diameter is about 10:1. The developer finds particular use in devices utilizing hybrid scavengeless development. Use of a developer with such properties in a hybrid scavengeless development apparatus enables images to be achieved with properties similar to that achieved in offset lithography.

Growing community of inventors

Rochester, NY, United States of America

William H Hollenbaugh, Jr