Phillips Petroleum Company

William G Billings

James Scinta

Pasupati Sadhukhan

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Tar sands are solvent extracted to form an oil-containing extract and a sandy residue. The solvent can be distilled from the oil and recycled. Residual solvent vapors can be adsorbed on an adsorbent bed. The sandy residue can be flash pyrolyzed to provide a combustible synthesis gas and/or combusted to provide process heat. Where the adsorber bed is formed from activated charcoal, a pair of beds on swing adsorption/regeneration cycles can be regenerated with steam and provide for continuous adsorption solvent vapors.

Apparatus for solvent extraction of tar sands

Process for upgrading carbonaceous material comprising liquid extraction

In the gasification of char with zinc oxide, the improvement which comprises reacting the off-gas stream of gaseous zinc and carbon monoxide with steam at elevated temperatures in a second reactor means thereby oxidizing the zinc to zinc oxide and yielding a second gaseous stream containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. This improved process avoids having to condense and revaporize the zinc, heretofore an economic barrier to the development of the zinc oxide char processes.

Zinc oxide-char gasification process

In the gasification of char with zinc oxide improvement comprises the process of quenching the reactor effluent with recycled, cold CO product gas, thereby reducing the tendency for zinc vapor to react with any CO.sub.2 present to form blue powder.

Quenching of ZnO-char gasification

A process for the gasification of solid carbon comprising heating under suitable conditions a feed comprising finely divided particles formed by admixing finely divided particles of solid carbon with a slurry of zinc nitrate, removing enough of the liquid of said slurry to give a solid product, calcining said solid product at a temperature no greater than about 550.degree. C. to convert a substantial portion of the zinc material to zinc oxide, and then comminuting the calcined material to the desired particle size.

Production of carbon monoxide from carbon

Suitable organic sulfides are converted to the corresponding organic sulfoxides by contacting with at least one suitable hydrocarbyl sulfoxide, a protonic acid, and a suitable metal promoter. Alternatively, if hydrogen chloride is the protonic acid, graphite or suitable metal promoters can be employed.

Conversion of organic sulfides to corresponding sulfoxides

Ditertiary organic disulfides are produced by contacting at least one ditertiary organic sulfide with at least one suitable hydrocarbyl sulfoxide and a catalyzing amount of a protonic acid.

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Bartlesville, OK, United States of America

William G Billings