Exxon Research and Engineering Company

William F Arey, Jr

Glen P Hamner

Willard H Sawyer

Francis X Mayer

A hydrocarbon conversion process wherein a hydrocarbon feedstock is contacted with a magnetically stabilized fluid bed of particulate solids comprising a mixture of separate, discrete (a) magnetizable substantially non-catalytic particles, and (b) non-magnetizable catalytic particles. The particulate solids mixture is withdrawn from the magnetically stabilized, fluidized bed and separated into magnetizable, substantially non-catalytic particles and non-magnetizable catalyst particles. The non-magnetizable catalytic particles are thereafter regenerated and returned to the hydrocarbon conversion zone. The separated magnetizable, substantially non-catalytic particles are subjected to heat transfer prior to their return to the conversion zone.

Magnetically stabilized, fluidized beds

This invention relates to novel catalysts, of two distinct types, useful for the catalytic hydroconversion of the 1050.degree. F.+ hydrocarbon material contained in heavy crudes and residua such that the resulting product will be suitable for further processing in conventional refinery operations allowing maximization of clean liquid products. Catalysts, which include Group VIB and Group VIII metals, preferably in admixture, and preferably including a Group IVA metal, notably germanium, having certain critical ranges of physical characteristics inclusive of large uniform pore sizes, are used for the conversion, these having been shown to possess improved catalytic activity and selectivity for the hydroconversion of the 1050.degree. F.+ materials of the heavy feeds and residua. Novel methods are described for the preparation of such catalysts, as well as for use of such catalysts. One of the catalysts, i.e., one having properties inclusive of a large number of pores in the 100-275A pore size diameter range, is particularly suitable as a first stage catalyst and the other, which has properties inclusive of a large number of pores in the 100-200A pore size diameter, is especially suitable as a second stage catalyst for use in processing the effluent of said first stage.

Process for preparing a heavy crude conversion catalyst

This invention relates to novel catalysts, of two distinct types, useful for the catalytic hydroconversion of the 1050.degree.F.+ hydrocarbon material contained in heavy crudes and residua such that the resulting product will be suitable for further processing in conventional refinery operations allowing maximization of clean liquid products. Catalysts, which include Group VIB and Group VIII metals, preferably in admixture, and preferably including a Group IVA metal, notably germanium, having certain critical ranges of physical characteristics inclusive of large uniform pore sizes, are used for the conversion, these having been shown to possess improved catalytic activity and selectivity for the hydroconversion of the 1050.degree.F.+ materials of the heavy feeds and residua. Novel methods are described for the preparation of such catalysts, as well as for use of such catalysts. One of the catalysts, i.e., one having properties inclusive of a large number of pores in the 100-275A pore size diameter range, is particularly suitable as a first stage catalyst and the other, which has properties inclusive of a large number of pores in the 100-200A pore size diameter, is especially suitable as a second stage catalyst for use in processing the effluent of said first stage.

Heavy crude conversion

Previously hydroformed feedstocks are upgraded to improve their octane rating by contacting said feedstocks in the presence of hydrogen with a sulfactivated catalyst comprising a metallic hydrogenation component, such as a platinum group metal, in combination with a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having uniform pore openings of about 5 Angstrom units. In its more specific aspects, the catalyst further contains a Group II-B metal such as zinc.

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Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America

William F Arey, Jr