International Business Machines Corporation

William David Modlin

Tetsunosuke Fujisaki

Hiroyasu Takahashi

Joonki Kim

Richard G Carlgren

Kenneth Steven Wenstrup

Homayoon Sadr Beigi

Donald B Matson

Kottappuram Mohammedali Mohiuddin

Wilker S Bruce

The hybrid handwriting recognition method includes the steps of (a), in response to a handwriting input from a user, providing dynamic, time ordered stroke information; (b) determining a first list comprised of at least one probable character that the dynamic, time ordered stroke information is intended to represent; (c) converting the dynamic, time ordered stroke information to static stroke information; (d) determining a second list comprised of at least one probable character that the static stroke information represents; and (e) merging the first list and the second list to provide a third, unified list comprised of at least one element representing a most probable character that the dynamic, time ordered stroke information is intended to represent. The step of converting includes the steps of generating a static, bit-mapped representation of the dynamic stroke information, and generating one or more first stroke features based on contour directions of the bit-mapped stroke information. The first stroke features are applied as inputs to a plurality of neural network recognizers.

Hybrid on-line handwriting recognition and optical character recognition

A dictionary based post-processing technique for an on-line handwriting recognition system is described. An input word has all punctuation removed, and the word is checked against a word processing dictionary. If any word matches against the dictionary, it is verified as a valid word. If it does not verify, a stroke match function and a spell-aid dictionary are used to construct a list of possible words. In some cases, the list is appended with possible words based on changing the first character of the originally recognized word. A character-match score, a substitution score and a word length are assigned to the items on the list. A word hypothesis is constructed from the list with each such word being assigned a score. The word with the best score is chosen as the output word for the processor.

Post-processing error correction scheme using a dictionary for on-line

A line space baseline adjuster in a handwriting recognition system achieves improved recognition accuracy by normalizing the Cartesian coordinates of the writings captured by a digitizer to coincide with prototype character space. The normalization techniques include weighted average estimation, prototype extraction estimation, extreme point clustering estimation and a combination of prototype extraction estimation and extreme point clustering estimation.

Estimation of baseline, line spacing and character height for

A data processing method is disclosed for storing and retrieving text. The storage part of the method includes the steps of compiling a vocabulary list of words occurring in the text and augmenting the vocabulary list with lemmas of the words in the text, as an augmented word list. It then continues with the steps of compiling a cross reference table relating the lemmas of the words to locations of the words in the text and storing the text, the augmented word list and the cross reference table. The retrieval part of the method includes the steps of inputting a query word to access a portion of the stored text, searching the augmented vocabulary list using the query word as a search term, and accessing the cross reference table with a lemma of the query word to locate the portion of the stored text. The resulting invention enables a faster performance for 'fuzzy' searches of text in documents, while enabling the cross reference lists used in the retrieval process, to be compactly stored.

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Boca Raton, FL, United States of America

William David Modlin