Siemens Aktiengesellschaft

Werner Kohler

Norbert Steinemer

Bruno Muller

Ulrich Baumgartl

Willi Muller

Hans Luttgert

Heinz Strop

For operating a heat pump installation with water as the refrigerant, a vacuum pump is employed as the compressor. If a liquid ring pump is used, its dissipation heat is fed into the heating loop. To this end, the heat output side of the heat exchanger associated with the loop of the sealing liquid is connected to the primary or secondary heat carrier loop of the heat consumer associated with the refrigerant loop.

Heat pump installation

In a circuit arrangement for measuring currents at high potential, a capacitor, charged in accordance with the current to be measured, is shunted by a light emitting diode which generates a light pulse sequence with a frequency proportional to the current. In series with the diode is a switching element with a control terminal, to which the output of a control device is connected. The input of the control device is connected to a threshold arrangement disposed parallel to the capacitor and the supply terminals of the control device are connected to the capacitor.

Circuit arrangement for measuring currents at high potential

A switching apparatus adapted to be used with medium-voltage cable networks comprising switching units each of which is of the single-pole type and each of which includes an encapsulation adapted to be embedded directly in the soil and means for actuating the unit in response to a remote control. The switching apparatus is particularly suited for medium-voltage cable networks in cities where the erection of above-ground distribution facilities is undesirable and expensive. The switching units may, preferably, be designed as vacuum circuit breakers.

Switching apparatus for medium-voltage cable networks

A driving mechanism for use with pressure contacts wherein the mechanism is provided with a drive means for opening and closing the contacts and wherein the drive means undergoes a driving stroke in bringing the contacts to a closed position. The mechanism is further provided with a closing spring means for actuating the drive means to initiate closing of the contacts and a second spring means responsive to the aforesaid actuation of the drive means and which is cocked there during for actuating the first means to initiate opening of the contacts. In accord with the invention, a pressure spring means for applying pressure to the contacts is also provided; the latter pressure spring means being responsive to the drive means and cocked thereby during a substantial portion of the closing driving stroke.

Driving mechanism for switching apparatus with pressure contacts

A combined current and voltage measuring apparatus for measuring voltage and current on a rod-shaped primary conductor for conducting current at an upper potential includes a cast resin body wherein there is embedded the sensor of a current measuring unit. The case resin body is arranged in surrounding relation to the primary conductor and, in addition to carrying the sensor, it is also utilized as dielectric for the upper potential capacitor of a voltage divider which supplies the amplifier of a capacitive voltage measuring unit. Embedded in the cast resin body is a cylindrical electrode which forms with the rod-shaped primary conductor extending through the electrode the capacitor on the high-voltage side of the capacitive voltage divider. The sensor of the current measuring unit contains a winding without a ferrous core which surrounds the outside of the cylindrical electrode.

Combined current and voltage measuring apparatus

An inductive voltage transformer disposable between a high-voltage potential and a low-voltage potential has a first flux-conductive part surrounded by a high-voltage winding having a surface facing away from the flux-conductive part. A low-voltage winding is arranged at this surface of the high-voltage winding. A second flux-conductive part made of magnetically-conductive material is disposed in spaced relation to the first flux-conductive art so as to be adjacent thereto. Flux-conductive intermediate members connect the parts together to conjointly define therewith a cup-like core structure enclosing the high-voltage and low-voltage windings therein. The cup-like core is connectable to the high-voltage potential and the intermediate members are made of a material that is magnetically-conductive while at the same time being electrically insulative.

Inductive voltage transformer

The invention is directed to an actuator mechanism operating with the energy of a spring which snap actuates an electrical switching apparatus such as a vacuum switching apparatus. The actuator mechanism includes parts which are arranged movably independently of each other, namely, for the cocking motion of the spring and for the switching motion transmitted to the switching contacts of the switching apparatus. These parts cooperate in such a manner that the force of the spring, after being cocked, acts on the part associated with the switching motion automatically. The actuator mechanism is suited, for instance, as a manually operable, fast-acting drive for vacuum power circuit breakers.

Actuating mechanism for snap-actuating an electric switching apparatus

An indicating arrangement for indicating the condition of the switching contacts of a switching vessel is provided for a vacuum-switch apparatus having an actuator for opening and closing the switching contacts. The indicating arrangement includes a spring for pressing the switching contacts together when the actuator is actuated to close the contacts. The spring has a length corresponding to the closed position which is dependent upon the wear condition of the contacts. The changes of length of the spring are indicated as the switching contacts are worn from repeated switching operations.

Indicating arrangement for indicating the condition of the switching

A contact system for a vacuum switch includes contact members movable relative to each other for electrically opening and closing the vacuum switch. Each of the contact members includes a carrier and a contact piece mounted on the carrier. Openings are formed in at least one of the contact pieces along substantially concentric circular arcs so that the openings of one series cover the gaps between the openings of an adjacent series.

Contact system for a vacuum switch

The invention concerns an overcurrent protection device which comprises contacts adapted to operate in dependence on the current. The set of contacts are arranged in a vacuum vessel, with one of the contacts guided movably via an actuator rod through an end wall of the vessel, while the other is secured to the opposite end. The moving rod cooperates with a latching device, which holds the contact in the open position. The latching device is designed so that it can be released when desired. If an overcurrent occurs, the contacts are separated by electrodynamic forces and are secured in the separated position by the latching device. After release of the latching device, the overcurrent protection device is again ready for use.

Overcurrent protection device

A vacuum switching apparatus is equipped with a switching vessel which can be actuated by a drive unit at ground potential by means of a drive assembly transmitting the drive motion. The drive assembly includes a lever made of insulating material which is fulcrumed about an electrically conductive bearing pin. The lever serves as the actuating member of the switching vessel and the bearing pin is at an intermediate potential between the grounded and the high-voltage-carrying parts. The invention is suited particularly for single-pole or multi-pole vacuum switching apparatus in the medium-voltage range.

Vacuum switching apparatus with a drive unit at ground potential

The combined current and voltage measuring apparatus has a cast resin body which supports the current measuring unit. The voltage measuring unit includes a capacitive voltage divider with an amplifier connected thereto. The cast resin body is also utilized as dielectric for the capacitor on the high-voltage side of the capacitive voltage divider. Embedded in the cast resin body is an auxiliary capacitor with a dielectric which, with respect to temperature dependence, corresponds to the dielectric of the high-voltage capacitor. The auxiliary capacitor, in series with a resistor, is connected to an auxiliary generator. The voltage dropped across the resistor is supplied, after rectification, to an input of a differential amplifier; the other input of the differential amplifier is connected to the terminal away from ground of the capacitor on the low-voltage side of the capacitive voltage divider. With respect to the capacitors of the capacitive voltage divider, a warming of the capacitor on the high-voltage side different from the warming of the capacitor on the low-voltage side does not influence the measuring accuracy of the capacitive voltage measuring unit of the apparatus.

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Bentfeld, Holstein, undefined

Werner Kohler