Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.

Schlumberger Technology Corporation

Weixin Dong

Hsu-Hsiang Wu

Li Pan

Michael S Bittar

Mark T Frey

Jin Ma

YiJing Fan

Christopher A Golla

Steve F Crary

Christophe Dupuis

Yi Jing Fan

Ettore Mirto

Helen Xiaoyan Zhong

Hsu Hsiang Wu

Systems and methods of the present disclosure relate to calibration of a resistivity tool. A calibration method comprises deploying a transmitter in a known formation with a known resistivity property with a physical tilted angle &#x3b8; relative to a longitudinal axis of the tool; deploying receivers in the known formation, wherein a physical tilted angle of a first receiver is &#x3b8; relative to the longitudinal axis of the tool, and wherein a physical tilted angle of a second receiver is &#x2212;&#x3b8;, relative to the longitudinal axis of the tool; transmitting signals with the transmitter and measuring the signals at the receivers; combining measurements at two receivers with respect to a transmitter signal in the known formation; producing synthetic responses of the tool in the known formation using forward modeling; and calculating an effective tilted angle &#x3b8;' from real measurements and the synthetic responses.

Orientation determination and calibration of electromagnetic resistivity tools

A subterranean earth formation is evaluated by running a process with a logging tool residing in a borehole in the earth formation to collect shallow measurements of a property of the formation and deep measurements of the property of the formation. An inversion is performed on the shallow measurements to produce a group of possible formation models that fit the shallow measurements. A machine-learning algorithm is applied to estimate the shallow formation structure, using the group of possible formation models that fit the shallow measurements, to produce a shallow formation structure. An inversion is performed on the deep measurements to produce a group of possible formation models that fit the deep measurements. The shallow formation structure is expanded using the group of possible formation models that fit the deep measurements to produce a deep formation structure.

Multi-step inversion using electromagnetic measurements

A method and system for detecting a conductive member in a formation. The method may comprise disposing an electromagnetic induction tool into a wellbore, transmitting the electromagnetic field from the at least one electromagnetic source, energizing the conductive member in a second wellbore, wherein an eddy current is induced in the conductive member, transmitting a second electromagnetic field from the conductive member, wherein the second electromagnetic field is formed by the eddy current, sensing the second electromagnetic field with the receiver, recording an amplitude of the second electromagnetic field as data, and transmitting the data to an information handling system. A system for detecting a conductive member in a formation may comprise an electromagnetic induction tool. The electromagnetic induction tool may comprise at least one electromagnetic source and at least one receiver. The system may further comprise an information handling system.

Determination on casing and formation properties using electromagnetic measurements

Data filtering and processing techniques for generating improved wellbore resistivity maps are contemplated. In some aspects, a process of the disclosed technology includes steps for receiving a plurality of measurement sets, wherein each measurement set comprises electromagnetic field data associated with a geologic formation at a corresponding plurality of predetermined depths, generating a plurality of one-dimensional (1D) inversion results based on the plurality of measurement sets, and performing a three-dimensional (3D) interpolation on the plurality of 1D inversion results to generate interpolated 3D resistivity data. In some aspects, the disclosed technology further includes steps for outputting a 3D resistivity map based on the interpolated 3D resistivity data. Systems and machine-readable media are also provided.

Three dimensional visualization from point-by-point one dimensional inversion with bed azimuth

A transmitter of a downhole tool inserted in a borehole of a geological formation transmits a first signal. A receiver of the downhole tool receives a second signal, where the second signal is induced by the first signal in the geological formation. A simple response matrix is determined based on the second signal, where the simple response matrix includes a plurality of response components. One or more of the response components are combined and a modified response matrix is formed by replacing one or more of the plurality of response components in the simple response matrix with a linear combination of the response components of the simple response matrix. The modified response matrix is inverted and an indication of formation properties in the geological formation is output.

Determining formation properties in a geological formation using an inversion process on a modified response matrix associated with a downhole tool

A method for selecting initial models or inversion solutions during an inversion process from electromagnetic measurements may comprise disposing an electromagnetic well measurement system into a wellbore, transmitting electromagnetic fields into a formation with the electromagnetic transmitter, measuring the electromagnetic fields with the electromagnetic receiver as measurements at a depth in the wellbore, forming initial models for the inversion process based on the measurements and performing an inversion, filtering an inversion solution, forming a solution database from the filtered inversion solutions, building a reference model, calculating a similarity between the reference model and one or more models in the solution database, selecting one or more results from the solution database with the similarity larger than a threshold, and generating a final inversion model image from the one or more results. An electromagnetic well measurement system may comprise an electromagnetic transmitter antenna, an electromagnetic receiver antenna, and an information handling system.

Machine learning for evaluating and catergorizing inversion solutions

Methods capable of determining a depth of investigation of a logging tool can include generating an error distribution model for a logging tool. The methods can also include defining a detection threshold above which a measured signal from a measurement channel of the logging tool can be considered reliable based on output from the error distribution model, and generating a simulated formation model to determine the depth of investigation. The depth of investigation can be biased by the detection threshold.

Methods and systems to analyze bed boundary detection

A system and method of evaluating a subterranean earth formation using a statistical distribution of formation data. The system comprises a logging tool and a processor in communication with the logging tool. The logging tool comprises a sensor operable to measure formation data and is locatable in a wellbore intersecting the subterranean earth formation. The processor is operable to calculate inversion solutions to the formation data, wherein each inversion solution comprises values for a parameter of the formation, and generate a statistical distribution of the parameter along one or more depths in the subterranean earth formation using the inversion solutions. The processor is also operable to identify peaks within the statistical distribution and select the inversion solutions corresponding to the identified peaks, generate a formation model using the selected inversion solutions; and evaluate the formation using the formation model to identify formation layers for producing a formation fluid.

System and method for evaluating a formation using a statistical distribution of formation data

A system and method for electromagnetic measurements. The system may comprise an electromagnetic transmitter, wherein the electromagnetic transmitter is an antenna and is operable to transmit a low frequency electromagnetic field into a formation or a high frequency electromagnetic field into the formation. The system may further comprise an electromagnetic receiver, wherein the electromagnetic receiver is an antenna and is operable to record the high frequency electromagnetic field or the low frequency electromagnetic field. The method may comprise transmitting a high frequency electromagnetic field, recording a high frequency electromagnetic field, transmitting a low frequency electromagnetic field, recording a low frequency electromagnetic field, performing a shallow inversion on the low frequency electromagnetic field and the high frequency electromagnetic field to form a formation resistivity model, and running the deep inversion with the random initial guesses that have the misfit.

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Sugar Land, TX, United States of America

Weixin Dong