The United States of America As Represented by the Administrator of the

Other

The United States of America As Represented by the United States

Case Western Reserve University

Apex Advanced Technologies, LLC

Warren H Philipp

Dean W Sheibley

Li-Chen Hsu

Mark R DeGuire

Martha H Jaskowiak

Charles E May

Dennis Lee Hammond

Karl-Heinz Schofalvi

Stanley J Marsik

Kenneth W Street, Jr

Olga D Gonzalez-Sanabria

Lisa C Veitch

Lisa C Weitch

The present invention relates to a binder composition comprising an aliphatic polyester polymer: an ethylenebisamide wax; and a guanidine wetting agent. The composition may also contain an additive which accelerates or extends debinding of the binder composition, and to a method for forming a sintered part by powder injection molding, including the steps of forming a green composition comprising a binder and an inorganic powder, wherein the binder is a composition comprising an aliphatic polyester polymer, an ethylenebisamide wax, and a guanidine wetting agent, and may further include an additive which accelerates or delays completion of debinding of the binder; melting the composition; injecting the composition into a mold for a part; heating the part to a temperature at which the binder decomposes; heating the part to a temperature at which the inorganic powder is sintered.

Binder system and method for particulate material cross-reference to related application

This invention relates to a process for making an ion exchange material, the process comprising:

Process for making an ion exchange material

The use of guanidine salts of organic fatty acids (guanidine soaps) as vehicles and binders for coating substrate surfaces is disclosed. Being completely organic, the guanidine soaps can be burned off leaving no undesirable residue. Of special interest is the use of guanidine 2-ethyl hexanoate as the vehicle and binder for coating problematic surfaces such as in coating alumina fibers with platinum or zirconia. For this application the guanidine soap is used as a melt. For other applications the guanidine soap may be used in a solution with a variety of solvents, the solution containing chlorometalates or powdered metals, refractories or ceramics.

Guanidine based vehicle/binders for use with oxides, metals and ceramics

An ion exchange polymer comprised of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of a poly(carboxylic acid) in a poly(vinyl acetal) matrix is described. The polymer is made by treating a mixture made of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid) with a suitable aldehyde and an acid catalyst to cause acetalization with some cross-linking. The material is then subjected to an alkaline aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt or an alkali earth metal salt. All of the film forming and cross-linking steps can be carried out simultaneously, if desired.

Ion exchange polymers and method for making

Guanidine oxalate is used as a precipitating agent in the coprecipitation of multicomponent oxide powder precursors. A solution of a soluble inorganic salt is combined with a solution of guanidine oxalate. A resultant metal oxalate is precipitated from the solution and can thereafter be subjected to heat to convert the metal oxalate into a multicomponent ceramic powder.

Method for producing coprecipitated multicomponent oxide powder

The use of guanidine salts of organic fatty acids (guanidine soaps) as vehicles and binders for coating substrate surfaces is disclosed. Being completely organic, the guanidine soaps can be burned off leaving no undesirable residue. Of special interest is the use of guanidine 2-ethyl hexanoate as the vehicle and binder for coating problematic surfaces such as in coating alumina fibers with platinum or zirconia. For this application the guanidine soap is used as a melt. For other applications the guanidine soap may be use in a solution with a variety of solvents, the solution containing chlorometalates or powdered metals, refractories or ceramics.

Ceramic structures having high strength at temperatures above 1000.degree. C. after sintering are made by mixing ceramic powders with binder deflocculants such as guanidine salts of polymeric acids, guanidine salts of aliphatic organic caboxylic acids or guanidine alkylsulfates with the foregoing guanidine salts.

Method of making contamination-free ceramic bodies

A battery separator for an alkaline battery. The separator comprises a cross-linked copolymer of vinyl alcohol units and unsaturated carboxylic acid units. The cross-linked copolymer is insoluble in water, has excellent zincate diffusion and oxygen gas barrier properties and a low electrical resistivity. Cross-linking with a polyaldehyde cross-linking agent is preferred.

Alkaline battery containing a separator of a cross-linked copolymer of

A film-forming polyvinyl alcohol polymer is mixed with a polyaldehyde-polysaccharide cross-linking agent having at least two monosaccharide units and a plurality of aldehyde groups per molecule, preferably an average of at least one aldehyde group per monosaccharide units. The cross-linking agent, such as a polydialdehyde starch, is used in an amount of about 2.5 to 20% of the theoretical amount required to cross-link all of the available hydroxyl groups of the polyvinyl alcohol polymer. Reaction between the polymer and cross-linking agent is effected in aqueous acidic solution to produce the cross-linked polymer. The polymer product has low electrical resistivity and other properties rendering it suitable for making separators for alkaline batteries. In that event, the mixture of polymer and cross-linking agent is formed into a sheet or film or the like and the film is cut to size and otherwise fabricated into a configuration suitable for a particular end use. The cross-linking reaction is then carried out to produce the final product.

Cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol and method of making same

A method of producing a cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol structure, such as a battery separator membrane or electrode envelope. An aqueous solution of a film-forming polyvinyl alcohol is admixed with an aldehyde cross-linking agent at basic pH to inhibit cross-linking. The cross-linking agent, preferably a dialdehyde such as glutaraldehyde, is used in an amount of from about 1/2 to about 20% of the theoretical amount required to cross-link all of the hydroxyl groups of the polymer. The aqueous admixture is formed into a desired physical shape, such as by casting a sheet of the solution. The sheet is then dried to form a self-supporting film. Cross-linking is then effected by immersing the film in aqueous acid solution. The resultant product has excellent properties for use as a battery separator, including a low electrical resistivity, the value of which is principally determined by the amount of cross-linking which is easily and closely controlled by the amount of cross-linking agent added to the polymer.

In-situ cross linking of polyvinyl alcohol

A self-supporting sheet structure comprising a water soluble, non-cross-linked polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol which is capable of being cross-linked by reaction with hydrogen atom radicals and hydroxyl molecule radicals is contacted with an aqueous solution having a pH of less than 8 and containing a dissolved salt in an amount sufficient to prevent substantial dissolution of the non-cross-linked polymer in the aqueous solution. The aqueous solution is then irradiated with ionizing radiation to form hydrogen atom radicals and hydroxyl molecule radicals and the irradiation is continued for a time sufficient to effect cross-linking of the water soluble polymer to produce a water-insoluble polymer sheet structure. The method has particular application in the production of battery separators and electrode envelopes for alkaline batteries. Low electrical resistivity, desirable in those applications, can be achieved by incorporating a highly conductive water soluble resin, such as polyacrylic acid, with the polyvinyl alcohol.

Method of cross-linking polyvinyl alcohol and other water soluble resins

A battery separator is produced from a polyvinyl alcohol sheet structure which is subjected to an in situ, self cross-linking process by selective oxidation of the 1,2 diol units present in the polyvinyl alcohol sheet structure. The 1,2 diol units are cleaved to form aldehyde end groups which subsequently cross-link through acetalization of the 1,3 diol units of the polyvinyl alcohol. Selective oxidation is achieved using a solution of a suitable oxidizing agent such as periodic acid or lead tetraacetate.

In situ self cross-linking of polyvinyl alcohol battery separators

A process for the preparation and isolation of high purity anhydrous lower valence state metal halides comprising dissolving the corresponding higher valence state metal halide of the desired lower valence state metal halide in an organic liquid, which is selected such that the higher valence state metal halide is soluble therein and the lower valence state metal halide is insoluble therein, and subjecting the solution to high energy radiation which reduces the higher valence state metal halide to its corresponding lower valence state metal halide, at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree.C. to about room temperature.

Process for making anhydrous metal halides

This invention presents a method of making a rigid unitary fertilizer composite for fertilizing plants and trees and articles produced by the method. In the form of a spike, the composite has sufficient strength and toughness so as to enable it to be pushed or pounded into the ground near the roots of plants and trees. The method involves making an aqueous paste containing plant nutrients, acrylamide, and a catalyst for the polymerization of the acrylamide. The paste is then molded to the desired shape. The acrylamide is allowed to polymerize, after which time the excess water is removed by drying. The final product, which should contain at least 5 weight percent polyacrylamide, is a rigid mass.

Growing community of inventors

North Olmsted, OH, United States of America

Warren H Philipp