Prolizenz Ag

Swiss Aluminium Ltd.

Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited

Contraves Ag

Walter Schmidt

Walter Stahlin

Tibor Kugler

Franz Sperner

Werner J Borer

A liquid crystal display and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed, comprising two substantially plane parallel transparent substrates or carriers, two polarizer foils applied to the outer faces or sides of the substrates and a liquid crystal material enclosed between the substrates. The liquid crystal display is encapsulated with a layer formed of poly-para-xylylene, 2-chloro-poly-para-xylylene or 2,2'-dichlor-poly-para-xylylene. The encapsulation is produced in accordance with the parylene method at a deposition rate .gtoreq. 10 .ANG./sec.

Liquid crystal display comprising an encapsulation and a liquid crystal

An optically transparent and electrically conductive film pattern on a substrate, e.g., an electrooptical display plate provided with a patterned transparent electrode layer, is prepared by a process in which an optically transparent layer of electrically conductive material, coated on the substrate, is removed in predetermined areas by an etching treatment. In this process, the areas of the optically transparent layer on the substrate which are to be removed by etching are printed with an etchant composition which contains an etching agent for the electrically conductive material. The composition is then allowed to remain in contact with the electrically conductive material in order to etch through the areas covered by the composition. Finally, the products formed by reaction of the etchant products formed by reaction of the etchant with the conductive material are removed together with the unspent portions of the composition.

Process for the preparation of an optically transparent and electrically

A display element formed by two parallel glass plates each having opposed electrodes provided thereon and an optical medium disposed in the intermediate space therebetween, wherein a connection between at least one electrode of one plate and at least one electrode of another plate, and the interplate spacing is achieved by means of electrically conducting fibers each having the same constant diameter disposed between the plates around the periphery thereof, with the conductive fibers contacting the respective electrodes formed on the display plates and thereby electrically connecting the same. The spacing for the display element is derived by mixing the conductive fibers in an adhesive compound to form a cement ridge around the periphery of the plates and applying the compound containing the conductive fibers to at least one of the plates, and then pressing the plates together until the plates are separated by a distance corresponding to the diameter of the conductive fibers.

Display element having improved spacing and through-connecting of

Iridium from the crucible wall, taken into solution during the growth of crystals by the Czochralski technique, is trapped at the bottom of the iridium crucible by cooling at least the bottom of the crucible. This part of the crucible is cooled to a temperature above the solidification temperature of the melt and results in almost inclusion-free crystals.

Process and device for growing crystal

Polished single crystal wafers are checked for defects by means of a method employing a optical microscope. The image is blurred by a translucent material and the transmitted light is then sensed by a light sensitive instrument which records the increased light intensity caused by a defect passing through the field of view. The position of the defects are then plotted automatically.

Process and device for checking substrate wafers

Inclusion in crystals, in particular in single crystals of gallium-gadolinium garnet, are detected by passing a beam e.g. a laser beam into the crystal perpendicular to the long axis of the crystal. The crystal can be rotated and the light scattered by the inclusions in the crystal are recorded photographically at right angles to the illuminating beam which is made to scan the rod shaped crystal along its long axis.

Process and device for detecting inclusions in crystals

A crucible, especially for containing melts, has multi-layered walls with an inner core of heat resistant material. A continuous coating layer of temperature resistant material is supported on the core. The coating layer at least partially defines a reservoir for melts to be contained in the crucible, and is composed of material resistant to attack by hot melts.

Crucible

A weighing device for the automatic regulation of a crystal-growing operation includes an upright shaft on which a crucible for a crystal melt is supported. The shaft is journalled for rotation and has limited freedom of movement in downward direction under the weight of the crucible and the melt therein. Weight-responsive signal-generating devices are engaged by the shaft or components associated therewith, so that pressure is exerted upon these devices to different degrees, in dependence upon the weight of the melt in the crucible. These devices produce signals as a function of the weight acting upon them, and these signals in turn control the crystal-growing operation. The shaft is rotatable by a drive arrangement which does not require physical contact with the shaft to rotate the same.

A crucible, especially for containing melts, has a multichamber construction wherein there is an outer chamber for containing a heat distribution medium and an inner chamber which acts as a receptacle for the melt.

A crucible, for use in heating and/or retaining melts at elevated temperatures, includes a hollow holding member composed of a heat resistant material, and a thin-walled insert composed of a substance chemically resistant to oxygen and oxidizing substances and being removably supported in the holding member.

Heat resistant crucible

A crucible, for use in connection with oxidizing melts on the interior at elevated temperatures includes a crucible body composed of a material selected from the group consisting of platinum metals and tungsten, and a continuous coating of a metal disposed on the inner surface of the body, the coating metal being substantially non-alloying with the material and having a low affinity for oxygen.

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Schaffhausen, Switzerland

Walter Schmidt