Deutsche Forschungs- Und Versuchsanstalt Fur Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.v.

Deutsche Forschungsanstalt Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.v.

Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft

Deutsche Forschungsanstalt Fur Luft-und Raumfahrt E.v.

Walter Peschka

Gottfried Schneider

Willi Nieratschker

Wolfgang Strobl

Constantin Carpetis

Georg Sanger

Willi Nieratscher

Gerrit Hietkamp

In order to improve a process for increasing the torque of an internal combustion engine burning a fuel by means of an oxidizing agent and comprising at least one cylinder and an induction system, in which the mass flow of the gaseous oxidizing agent into the cylinder or cylinders is increased, as well as an internal combustion engine such that the torque of the internal combustion engine is increased at any rotational speed to a greater extent than with known passive pressure-charging processes, it is suggested to make a charging mixture consisting of a charging fuel and the oxidizing agent available in the induction system and to ignite this cyclically in the induction system at such points of time that due to the expansion during the rapid combustion of the charging mixture an increase in pressure occurs at the intake port of at least one cylinder during its intake phase.

Process for increasing the torque of an internal combustion engine and

In order to improve a process for the electrolysis of a fluid electrolyte containing cations and anions in an electrolytic cell with a cathode and an anode located opposite the cathode such that primary energy not present in an electrical form, in particular thermal energy from reservoirs having a moderately high temperature, can be used for the electrolysis with lower losses, it is suggested that a current path between the cathode and the anode be closed, that a magnetic field be applied to the electrolytic cell and that a relative movement between the magnetic field and the electrolyte be generated so that on account of the effect of Lorentz forces the cations migrate to the cathode and the anions to the anode and products of electrolysis be formed on the cathode and on the anode in electrolytic reactions, wherein the charge equalization necessary for the electrolytic reactions be carried out by the current path closed between the cathode and the anode.

Process and electrolyzer for the electrolysis of a fluid electrolyte

In order to provide a heat pumping method, in particular for generating cryogenic temperatures, which is efficient and less susceptible to malfunctions than known methods, the following, cyclically recurring method steps are suggested:

Heat pumping method as well as heat pump for generating cryogenic

In order to develop a method for producing at least approximately ball-shaped metallic particles at least almost equal in diameter such that a greater yield of particles at least almost equal in diameter is achieved than in known methods, it is suggested that a continuous stream of liquid metal is acted on locally by compressional vibrations that thereby cross-sectional constrictions are formed in the stream at a distance from each other in longitudinal direction of the stream which lead to the dissection of the stream and that the segments of the dissected stream adopting a ball shape due to the surface tension of the liquid metal are cooled to solidify the liquid metal.

Method for producing small metal balls approximately equal in diameter

In order to provide a method for operating a motor-vehicle engine adapted to be driven by hydrogen gas, wherein hydrogen gas is compressed to an operational pressure level required for the high-pressure injection, which also enables a hydrogen engine to be operated at a storage pressure of the hydrogen gas conveyed in the motor vehicle which is below the operational pressure level required for the high-pressure injection, it is suggested that the hydrogen gas at a pressure below the operational pressure level be cooled to cryogenic temperatures and that the cold gas be compressed by means of a compressor operating at cryogenic temperatures and heated up again in the compressed state.

Method for operating a hydrogen engine, motor-vehicle drive

In order to improve a method for filling a cryotank with liquid hydrogen, in which thermal energy is introduced into the liquid hydrogen by the transfer of the liquid hydrogen to the cryotank, such that the amount of gas which results during filling of a cryotank and is carried away via the gas return line is reduced to as great an extent as possible, preferably to zero, it is suggested that for filling hydrogen be used at a pressure and a temperature corresponding to an undercooled state of the liquid hydrogen.

Method and refuelling means for filling a cryotank

In order to improve a combustion engine for hydrogen comprising a main piston which is displaceable in a main cylinder in a stroke direction between a top dead center, forming a minimum main cylinder chamber with the main cylinder, and a bottom dead center and hereby performs a suction stroke, a compression stroke, a displacement stroke and an exhaust stroke, such that the problems of early ignition are avoided without any internal mixture formation with late injection being required, it is recommended that an auxiliary piston and an auxiliary cylinder be provided for movement relative to one another so as to be in equal phase and synchronous with the main piston and the main cylinder, that the auxiliary piston and the auxiliary cylinder define with one another a cylinder chamber varying between a minimum cylinder chamber in the top dead center and a maximum cylinder chamber in the bottom dead center, that the minimum cylinder chamber communicate with the minimum main cylinder chamber via a passage and that the hydrogen be injected into the cylinder chamber during the course of the suction stroke.

Combustion engine for hydrogen

To improve a cryogas pump, in particular a cryogas pump for cryogenic hydrogen fit for use in vehicles, comprising a cylinder housing and a piston which forms with the cylinder housing a first compression space for the cryogenic gas and which is mounted with a first piston section adjacent to the first compression space by a gas film in the cylinder housing such that owing to its dimensions it can be constructed so as to be fit for use in vehicles, with the shorter piston length requiring less cooling of the piston by the gas film, it is proposed that the cryogas pump comprise a second compression space with which the gas film is in communication and by means of which a flow of gas can be generated in the gas film in the direction of the first compression space.

Cryogas pump

Arrangement for the metered supply of a fuel, especially into the

To improve a processing system for liquid hydrogen comprising a storage t and a supply unit arranged outside of and connected with the storage tank via a suction line, the supply unit comprising a feed pump which communicates on its pressure side with a motor feed line, such that the feed pump is constantly kept at operating temperature, it is suggested that the supply unit comprise a cool-stage casing completely surrounding the feed pump, the casing having hydrogen flowing through it which exits from the feed pump on the pressure side.

Processing system for liquid hydrogen

In a method for conveying a liquid at or in the proximity of its boiling temperature, in particular, liquid hydrogen, by means of a pump which draws the liquid from a storage container through a suction entrance port, in order to prevent undesired bubble formation in the suction region, it is proposed that the pressure in the storage container be increased for a short time during the suction phase of the pump above the equilibrium pressure of the liquid in the storage container. An apparatus for performing this method is also described.

Method and apparatus for conveying a liquid

A reciprocating pump for a cryogenic fluid includes a pump cylinder made of a material with low thermal expansivity, a piston displaceable in the pump cylinder, and self-lubricating piston rings made of polytetrafluorethylene held on the circumferential surface of the piston. The rings have a larger thermal expansivity than the pump cylinder. The arrangement allows optimum matching of piston rings and pump cylinder at cryogenic fluid pumping temperatures. The piston has a core made of a material with relatively large thermal expansivity which is surrounded by a spacer sleeve made of a material with a low coefficient of thermal expansion. The core protrudes on both sides from the spacer sleeve and has expanding regions increasing conically towards its free ends. The piston rings surround the core in the expanding regions and are supported against the end faces of spacer sleeve. The conical expanding regions bias the rings toward the cylinder at low temperatures to insure effective sealing.

Cryogenic pump multi-part piston with thermal expansivity compensated

An apparatus for magnetocaloric refrigeration, comprising a ferromagnetic terial arranged in a rotor and alternately entering and exiting from a stationary magnetic field when the rotor rotates, and also comprising a circuit for a working gas coming into successive heat exchange contact with a ferromagnetic material arranged outside the magnetic field and thereby cooled, a refrigeration load, a ferromagnetic material located within the magnetic field and thereby heated as well as an external negative heat source. In order to avoid problems with seals in such an apparatus at low temperatures, it is suggested that discrete members consisting of ferromagnetic material be arranged around the rotor circumference so as to be angularly offset, that two members be connected each time to form a pair by a flow path for the working gas, this flow path being arranged within the rotor and leading from an outer surface of the rotor via heat contact with one member of the pair into the center of the rotor and then via heat contact with the other member of the pair to an outer surface of the rotor again, that at least one stationary supply conduit ending in a sealed manner at the outer surface of the rotor and one stationary outlet conduit beginning in a sealed manner at the outer surface of the rotor be provided for the working gas, both conduits communicating with the flow path of one pair in a predetermined angular position of the rotor, that each outlet conduit be associated with a stationary magnetic field such that the member adjacent the outlet conduit is located within this stationary magnetic field and the other member of the pair outside the magnetic field in the predetermined angular position of the rotor, and that a cooling conduit be guided through a hollow bearing shaft of the rotor and have a refrigeration medium flowing through it, this refrigeration medium acting as refrigeration load and coming into heat contact with the working gas in the center of the rotor.

Apparatus for magnetocaloric refrigeration

A new high energy chemical complex is provided formed from metastable hel fixed on ammonia (HE.sub.m NH.sub.3), so that the metastable helium electron is captured so as to be held in the 'L' layer of the metastable helium atom. The process for producing the He.sub.m NH.sub.3 complex comprises the following steps: excitation of helium to create metastable helium; deposition of metastable helium on NH.sub.3 to form the complex; and accumulation or condensation of the product. The invention finds a particular application as a propellant in the aerospace field.

High energy materials containing metastable helium, a process for

In order to achieve efficient refueling with a method and an apparatus for the automatic refilling of a liquid hydrogen tank in a motor vehicle in which the tank is connected to a liquid hydrogen supply line as well as a hydrogen gas return line, it is proposed that prior to commencement of refilling the liquid hydrogen tank the liquid hydrogen supply line in the vehicle be connected to the hydrogen gas return line and that liquid hydrogen be passed through said lines in order to cool them whereby only after they have been cooled is the liquid hydrogen supply line connected to the liquid hydrogen tank. For this purpose, a bypass line connecting the liquid hydrogen supply line to the hydrogen gas return line is provided in the motor vehicle, and electrically operable closing valves are provided in the liquid hydrogen supply line downstream of where the bypass line branches as well as in the bypass line.

Growing community of inventors

Sindelfingen, Germany

Walter Peschka