Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.

Other

Walter F Yext

Edward A Hayduk, Jr

William Edward Starner

David R Taschler

Clark K Fisher

Water added to the furnace heated by an infrared or near-infrared radiation source used to fire thick-film electrical components provides finished components exhibiting desirable physical and electrical properties and surface cleanliness.

Process for the manufacture of copper thick-film conductors using an

Nitrous oxide additions to the furnace atmosphere during firing of thick film electrical components minimizes soot deposition from vaporization of vehicle contained in the film paste.

Process for manufacturing thick-film electrical components

Acylated 1-hydroxyalkylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HADPA) can be produced almost instantaneously with less than 5% (by weight) phosphorus acid byproduct by introducing PX.sub.3 (where X is a halide) into a reactor containing R--COOH at or above a specified temperature. The acylated HADPA can then be hydrolyzed and substantially pure HADPA obtained by vacuum distillation. Of particular importance is the addition of PCl.sub.3 to acetic acid at a temperature of between 105.degree. C. and 120.degree. C. to produce acetylated 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDPA).

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Allentown, PA, United States of America

Walter F Yext