Olin Corporation

Pedco, Inc.

Walter C Saeman

Noel N Coe

Leland M Reed

William A Reed

John P Faust

A continuous process for producing granular calcium hypochlorite particles comprises admixing lime and an aqueous liquid in a mixing zone to form a lime slurry. The lime slurry is fed into a crystallizing zone along with a calcium hypochlorite-containing liquid to produce a slurry of coarse dibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals and to elutriate a fines slurry from the crystallizing zone. The coarse dibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals are separated from a dibasic hypochlorite mother liquor and fed to a chlorinating zone. Reaction of the coarse dibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals with a chlorinating agent is conducted to produce a slurry of hemibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals. The slurry is fed to a separator to separate a hemibasic hypochlorite mother liquor from the hemibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals. Hemibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals are chlorinated in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide to produce an aqueous paste of calcium hypochlorite dihydrate which is sprayed into a heated zone to evaporate water and produce granular calcium hypochlorite particles. The novel process of the present invention can employ low grade limes where fine particles including dibasic crystals, insoluble impurities and unreacted lime are removed as a slurry from the crystallizing zone. This slurry is chlorinated to produce a calcium hypochlorite-containing liquid which is returned to the dibasic crystallizing zone. This process eliminates the filtration of calcium hypochlorite dihydrate slurries required in previous commercial processes as well as the need to remove solid sodium chloride.

Continuous process for producing granular calcium hypochlorite particles

A method and apparatus is disclosed for combustion of diverse materials, particularly combustible solids, liquids or gases, such as sewage sludge, refuse, coal, refinery sludge, tar sands, coal shale, coal tailings and spent foundry sand. A rotary combustion apparatus is employed which consists of a cylindrical drum, or other similar regularly shaped chamber, with a substantially horizontal axis of rotation including an ignition zone, a principal combustion zone, a falling temperature zone and a spent solids removal zone. The apparatus further includes solids transport chutes for forward and backward circulation of solids, arranged for the transfer of solids to or from one or more points. Feedstock may also be heated by recycled hot solids. The method and apparatus employs direct solids-to-gas contact established by lifting and cascading combustible solids through a hot gas stream.

Apparatus for combustion of diverse materials and heat utilization

Method and apparatus for combustion of diverse materials and heat

A method and apparatus is disclosed for retorting particulate solid materials, particularly hydrocarbon-containing materials such as oil shale, oil sands, tar sands, coal shale, coal tailings, and the like, for the recovery of a volatile constituent such as oil or gas. A rotary retorting apparatus is employed which consists of a cylindrical drum, or other similar regularly shaped chamber, with a substantially horizontal axis of rotation and having multiple compartments for retorting and combustion and, optionally, spent solids cooling. The apparatus further includes solids transport chutes for forward and backward circulation of solids, arranged for the intercompartmental transfer of solids with the capability of additions at one or more points in each compartment. Employing the method and apparatus, particulate solids feedstock is heated by recycled spent solids material to remove the volatile constituent of the feedstock in the retort section. Another feature of the invention employs direct solids-to-gas contact established by lifting and cascading reacting solids through hot gas streams such that throughput, high thermal efficiency, low energy input, among other advantages, are obtained in producing high yields of volatile product. In particular, high oil yields and gas yields are obtained when processing oil shale, but with low sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides in the flue gases and reduced hydrogen sulfide in the retort gases.

Apparatus for retorting particulate solids having recoverable volatile

A continuous process for producing granular calcium hypochlorite particles comprises admixing lime and an aqueous liquid in a mixing zone to form a lime slurry. The lime slurry is fed into a crystallizing zone along with a calcium hypochlorite-containing liquid to produce a slurry of coarse dibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals and to elutriate a fines slurry from the crystallizing zone. The coarse dibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals are separated from a dibasic hypochlorite mother liquor and fed to a chlorinating zone. Reaction of the coarse dibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals with a chlorinating agent is conducted to produce a slurry of hemibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals. The slurry is fed to a separator to separate a hemibasic hypochlorite mother liquor from the hemibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals. Hemibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals are chlorinated in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide to produce an aqueous paste of calcium hypochlorite dihydrate which is sprayed into a heated zone to evaporate water and produce granular calcium hypochlorite particles. The novel process of the present invention can employ low grade limes where fine particles including dibasic crystals, insoluble impurities and unreacted lime are removed as a slurry from the crystallizing zone. This slurry is chlorinated to produce a calcium hypochlorite-containing liquid which is returned to the dibasic crystallizing zone. Large crystals of highly pure dibasic calcium hypochlorite are produced as an intermediate product. These dibasic crystals are chlorinated to produce hemibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals as a further intermediate product. Chlorination of the hemibasic crystals yields a slurry of sufficiently high Ca(OCl).sub.2 assay to meet the specifications for a marketable product. This process eliminates the filtration of calcium hypochlorite dihydrate slurries required in previous commercial processes as well as the need to remove solid sodium chloride.

Method for retorting particulate solids having recoverable volatile

In a rotary apparatus and a process for the production of layered glass batch pellets there is provided a drying process and a dryer for final drying of the pellets prior to their being fed to a melting furnace.

Glass batch pellet production and drying process and apparatus

In a rotary apparatus for the production of layered glass batch pellets there is provided a dryer for final drying of the pellets prior to their being fed to a melting furnace.

Layered glass batch pellets are produced in a continuous process which comprises the steps of:

Layered glass batch pellets and apparatus for their production

Process for production of layered glass batch pellets

In a rotary apparatus and a process for the production of layered glass batch pellets there is provided a drying process and a dryer for final drying of the pellets prior to their being fed to a melting furnace. Relatively cool moist pellets are fed into a static bed-type dryer to form a uniformly distributed pellet bed while a heating and drying gas is directed into the dryer in such a manner that the gas flows countercurrent to the direction of travel of the pellets through the dryer to maintain a temperature differential between the gas and the surface of the solid pellets in the bed throughout the bed's entire height in the range of approximately 5.degree. F. to 120.degree. F. and, ideally, within approximately 50.degree. F.

Glass batch pellet production and drying process

A process for the recovery of calcium chloride hydrates and calcium chlorate compounds comprises:

Process for the recovery of calcium salts from calcium hypochlorite

Process for the production of layered glass batch pellets

Rounded granular calcium hypochlorite comprised of a core of calcium hypochlorite encapsulated with a plurality of rounded layers of calcium hypochlorite, wherein the core of each particle generally has a diameter which ranges from about 200 to about 2,000 microns and the novel coated granules have a diameter ranging from about 400 to about 5,000 microns. Each layer is formed from an aqueous slurry of calcium hypochlorite which contains a high percentage of soluble inorganic salts as well as calcium hypochlorite. These soluble salts impart a high degree of cohesive bonding as each layer is formed and result in rounded granules of higher density and improved dust resistance.

Round multi-layered calcium hypochlorite granules

A coated, rounded, solid calcium hypochlorite granule is described which is comprised of granular calcium hypochlorite encapsulated with a plurality of layers of an inorganic salt other than calcium hypochlorite. The inorganic salt is admixed with sufficient alkaline material to form a coating which has a pH in dilute aqueous solution at ambient temperature of at least about nine or higher. The inorganic salt is selected from a group consisting of the chloride, chlorate, nitrate, bromide, bromate and sulfate of an alkali metal. The alkaline material is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and mixtures thereof. The inorganic salt coating comprises from about 4 to about 45 percent by weight of the calcium hypochlorite granule. The coated, rounded, solid granule of this invention is highly stable and resists chemical decomposition and dusting during storage.

Growing community of inventors

Cleveland, TN, United States of America

Walter C Saeman