Gkss-forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh

Gesellschaft Fur Kernenergieverwertung in Schiffbau Und Schiffahrt Mbh

Walfried Michaelis

Hans-Ulrich Fanger

Claus Weitkamp

Rudolf Pepelnik

Hans L The

A method and apparatus for the detection of hydrocarbons dissolved in bodies of water and for the determination of their concentration in the water wherein a water sample is introduced into a sealed system in which the hydrocarbons are driven out of solution into a gas phase by heating the sample or exposing it to low pressure, or both, a laser beam of a wavelength or a frequency which provides for at least partial overlapping with the absorption lines of the hydrocarbons is directed through the gaseous phase, a correction laser beam of a wavelength such that it is not subjected to absorption by hydrocarbons is also directed through the gaseous phase to determine the influence of gases other than hydrocarbons and the amount of hydrocarbons in the water iscalculated from the amount of light energy absorbed in the gas phase by any hydrocarbons therein and a correction as determined by the correction laser beam.

Method and apparatus for the detection of hydrocarbons dissolved in

Method for determining the average density or volume percentage of at least one coarse grained component of a multicomponent mixture by gamma transmission analysis, including the steps of irradiating the mixture with gamma radiation from at least one source, detecting the transmitted radiation by means of at least one detector, and evaluating the relation between the transmitted and detected radiation to determine the average density or volume percentage by using a transmission equation applicable to homogeneous mixtures, the evaluation including transforming the values resulting from solving such equation, or a selected term of such equation, with the aid of a correction function which is derived by comparison of corresponding values in the transmission equation applicable to the homogeneous mixtures and in a further transmission equation which is dependent on the particle sizes of the coarse grained component in order to provide a corrected determination relative to that component.

Method and apparatus for the gamma transmission analysis of

A method of identifying leaky components of a multi-component system in wh the individual components contain a charge. Additional substances having different element or isotope compositions are added to these charges to code them. If leaks occur, element or isotope analysis of the escaping charges then allows identification of the leaky component. If the multi-component system includes a nuclear reactor, different element or isotope combinations of krypton and xenon may be added to the individual fuel rods during production, and optical saturation spectroscopy may be used to analyze the leaking gases.

Method of identifying leaky components of a multi-component system

A method of and apparatus for ascertaining the volume components of a thrcomponent mixture, according to which the mixture is radiated simultaneously by two gamma sources of different energy. The passed-through radiation is picked up by a common detector, and the detector signals are spectroscoped alone with regard to the components of the two gamma lines. The spectogram is evaluated with regard to the two transmissions and with regard to the extinction coefficient pairs for each of the three components (.mu..sub.k1,.mu..sub.k2),(.mu..sub.s1,.mu..sub.s2),(.mu..sub.w1,.mu..sub. w2) whereupon, with a known length of the transmission distance, the volume parts of the components are calculated as function

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Seevetal, Germany

Walfried Michaelis