Saudi Arabian Oil Company

Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations LLC

Waheed Syed Arshad

Mohammad H Altwaijri

Misfer J Almarri

Amr Ismail Abdel-Fattah

Muhammad Majid Almajid

Otto E Meza Camargo

Khaqan Khan

Afnan Mashat

Ivan Deshenenkov

Bilal Tariq

Mohammed Parvez Khan

Ahmed M Al-Omair

Agung Kuswiranto

Karla Olvera

Rakan Alkheliwi

Techniques for determining one or more hydrocarbon production zones in a subterranean reservoir include generating a 3D natural fracture model that includes a 3D discrete fracture network and a brittleness model for a subterranean formation into which a wellbore is formed; converting the 3D discrete fracture network into a 2D model to determine a continuous fracture density property; predicting a plurality of fluid-flow pathways using the continuous fracture density property modeled for each brittleness; hydraulic fracturing the wellbore to create one or more hydraulic fractures in the subterranean formation; subsequent to the hydraulic fracturing, logging the wellbore to determine one or more logged properties; identifying one or more fracture flow zones based on the one or more logged properties; and validating the predicted plurality of fluid-flow pathways based on the identified one or more fracture flow zones.

Determining hydrocarbon production zones in a subterranean reservoir

Systems, methods, and software can be used for identifying fracable areas. One example of a method includes receiving at least one of 3D petrophysical property and 3D geo-mechanical property in one or more areas. The method further includes receiving a model generating at least one hydraulic fracture parameter in a wellbore in the one or more areas. The method yet further includes training a machine learning model with at least one of the 3D petrophysical property and the 3D geo-mechanical property and the at least one hydraulic fracture parameter, and generating a fracability index for the wellbore based on the trained machine learning model.

Determining a three-dimensional fracability index for identifying fracable areas in a subsurface region

A composition and methods are provided for stimulating a well with nanobubbles. An exemplary method includes obtaining a stimulation fluid and generating a nanobubbles solution, wherein the nanobubbles solution includes nano-sized bubbles in the stimulation fluid. The nanobubbles solution is injected into the oil well.

Method for well stimulation using nanobubbles

A method of fracturing a subsurface formation includes super-cooling liquid carbon dioxide to a temperature between −60° F. to −70° F. using liquid nitrogen having a temperature in a range of −100° F. to −200° F., pumping the lipid carbon dioxide down a wellbore to create fractures in the subsurface formation, and pumping fracturing fluid containing a proppant down the wellbore after pumping the liquid carbon dioxide down the wellbore.

Cooling injection fluid

A system for cooling drilling fluid circulating in a wellbore drilled by a wellbore drilling system includes a drilling fluid conduit positioned at a surface location separate from a wellhead of the wellbore. Drilling fluid flowed from the wellbore and an outer jacket passes through the drilling fluid conduit. An inner surface of the outer jacket at least partially defines an interior volume within which the drilling fluid conduit is at least partially disposed. The interior volume is at least partially filled with liquid nitrogen, such that the drilling fluid passing through the drilling fluid conduit is cooled by heat exchange with the liquid nitrogen across a wall of the drilling fluid conduit prior to flowing back into the wellbore via a mud pump.

Cooling drilling fluid

A method of fracturing subsurface formation includes super-cooling water to a temperature between &#x2212;4&#xb0; F. to &#x2212;30&#xb0; F. using liquid nitrogen having a temperature in a range of &#x2212;100&#xb0; F. to &#x2212;200&#xb0; F., pumping the water down a wellbore to create fractures in the subsurface formation, and pumping fracturing fluid containing a proppant down the wellbore after pumping the water down the wellbore.

Super-cooling injection fluid

A method includes designing a lower completion string for a multi-stage hydraulic fracturing job for a wellbore drilled into a subterranean zone. The lower completion string includes a plurality of stages and a plurality of packers configured to isolate each of the stages. Each stage of the plurality of stages includes a respective tubular stage assembly, and each stage is configured to be placed within a respective one of a plurality of frac intervals of the wellbore defined by the plurality of packers. Designing the lower completion string includes, for each stage of the plurality of stages, receiving a measured hole diameter of the respective one of the plurality of frac intervals and performing an axial safety factor analysis of the stage. The axial safety factor analysis includes a comparison of a yield strength in tension or compression of the respective tubular stage assembly of the stage with calculated effective axial tensile or compressive forces to which the respective tubular stage assembly of the stage would be subject when positioned in the frac interval in the wellbore. The axial safety factor analysis uses a predicted anchored status of the lower completion string, which includes an extent to which the respective tubular stage assembly would be predicted to elongate or contract when the lower completion string is positioned in the wellbore and the plurality of packers are set. The axial safety factor analysis also uses a distance between a first packer of the plurality of packers isolating the stage and a second packer of the plurality of packers isolating the stage, and the measured hole diameter of the respective frac interval. The method also includes determining that the axial safety factor analysis for each stage of the plurality of stages satisfies a threshold and, in response to the determining that the threshold is satisfied for each stage of the plurality of stages, inserting the lower completion string into the wellbore and performing the multi-stage hydraulic fracturing job.

Maintaining integrity of lower completion for multi-stage fracturing

A wellbore assembly includes a first tube and a second tube. The first tube is disposed within a wellbore and has a first end fixed with respect to a wall of the wellbore. The second tube is coupled to a second end of the first tube. The second tube has a third end opposite the coupling and fixed with respect to the wall of the wellbore. The first tube includes a portion of reduced or increased diameter residing between the first end and the second end. The portion of reduced or increased diameter defines an internal diameter that changes, with the first tube under a compression load, to decrease a length of the first tube. The internal diameter changes, with the first tube under a tensile load, to increase a length of the first tube to accommodate changes in length of the first tube or the second tube or both.

Compensating changes in length of a wellbore string

Methods and systems for determining risk of pipe deformation in a hydraulic fracturing operation include receiving a plurality of parameters pertaining to the well operation from a plurality of wells, developing a relationship between the plurality of parameters and a risk of pipe deformation, receiving the plurality of parameters pertaining to the well operation from a predetermined well, and determining the risk of pipe deformation in the predetermined well based on the plurality of parameters. The method further includes taking corrective action to prevent the pipe from deformation, such as improving the cementing conditions of the casing, performing cement bond evaluation, choosing safe locations for hydraulic fracturing or skipping zones of high risk or managing around pipe deformation by deploying flow-through bridge plugs, or dissolvable bridge plugs, or any other type of isolation method that does not require well intervention to remove the barrier or altogether re-drill a new well.

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Mississauga, Canada

Waheed Syed Arshad