Indian Oil Corporation Limited

Vutukuru Lakshmi Murthy

Debasis Bhattacharyya

Asit Kumar Das

Sukumar Mandal

Sobhan Ghosh

Satish Makhija

Sanjeev Singh

Marri Rama Rao

Satyen Kumar Das

Ram Mohan Thakur

Jagdev Kumar Dixit

Manoranjan Santra

Latoor Lal Saroya

Ganga Shanker Mishra

Shankar Sharma

Suresh Kumarshah

A fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus includes a riser containing a regenerated catalyst and adsorbant, and has a first inlet for introduction of high velocity steam, a second inlet for introduction of a feed stream containing heavy residual fractions with high concentrations of conradson coke, metals including vanadium and nickel, and additional poisons including nitrogen, a third inlet for introduction of an adsorbent, and a fourth inlet disposed above the third inlet means for introduction of a regenerated catalyst, the adsorbent having a particle size which is larger than that of the regenerated catalyst. A stripper is provided into which the riser extends for causing separation of a hydrocarbon fraction from spent catalyst and adsorbent, and a separator is connected to the stripper and has a base, an inlet at the base for introduction of steam in the upward direction so as to provide a transport velocity in the upward direction for the spent catalyst and cause a separation of the particles of the spent catalyst from the adsorbent in use. A regenerator is connected to the separator and has an outlet and is in flow communication with the fourth inlet for introduction of the regenerated catalyst into the riser. A burner is provided for receiving the adsorbent from the separator and for causing a regeneration thereof, the burner having an inlet for introduction of oxygen containing gas and an outlet in flow communication with the third inlet for introduction of the adsorbent into the riser. A lift line is connected between the separator and the regenerator for allowing a flow of the spent catalyst from the separator into the regenerator while leaving the adsorbent within the separator in a fluidized condition the lift line having a plurality of steam inlets disposed at different elevations along its length for introduction of steam to provide said transport velocity.

Fluidized catalytic cracking process and apparatus

A process for selective catalytic cracking of a petroleum-based feedstock to produce a product having a high yield of liquified petroleum gas (LPG) and light olefins having 3 to 4 carbons includes providing a fluidized bed reactor which is a high velocity riser, continuously circulating fluidized bed reactor; providing a solid acidic catalyst comprised of: from 1 to 6% by wt. of ultra stable Y-zeolite; from 8-25% by wt. of Pentasil zeolite which is shape selective; from 0-8% by wt. of an active material which is bottom selective; from 0-1% by wt. of rare earth constituents; and from 91 to 60% by wt. of nonacidic constituents and binder; charging the fluidized bed reactor with the solid acidic catalyst and the petroleum-based feedstock; and cracking the petroleum-based feedstock in the presence of the solid acidic catalyst in the fluidized bed reactor. The reactor is operated at a Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) ranging from 40 to 120 hr.sup.-1, a ratio of solid acidic catalyst to petroleum-based feedstock ranging from 15 to 25, a temperature at the top of the high velocity riser ranging from 530.degree. C. to 600.degree. C., recycled riser products ranging from 0 to 40%, a pressure in the fluidized bed reactor ranging from 1.0 to 4.0 kg/cm.sup.2 g, and an amount of steam for dilution and quenching of hydrocarbons ranging from 3 to 50 wt. % of the petroleum-based feedstock. The Pentasil zeolite has a pore size ranging from 5 to 6 .ANG. so that the catalyst is highly selective for LPG and C.sub.4 light olefins with minimum dry gas and coke make, and so that the vanadium tolerance of the catalyst is increased and ranges up to 21,000 PPM. The process produces a LPG yield ranging up to 40 to 65 wt. % of the fresh petroleum-based feedstock, a selectivity for the light olefins of at least 40 wt. %, and a selectivity for the LPG of at least 45 wt.

Process for catalytic cracking of petroleum based feed stocks

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Faridabad, India

Vutukuru Lakshmi Murthy