E.i. Dupont De Nemours and Company

Invista North America S.&aacute;.r.l.

Vivek Kapur

Joseph D Trentacosta

Mark Andrew Harmer

Sharlene Renee Williams

Kenneth Wayne Leffew

Michael W Cobb

Joseph Anthony Perrotto

Harry Vaughn Samuelson

Govindasamy Paramasivam Rajendran

Govindasamy Paramasivan Rajendran

Ann Y Liauw

Vincent Galante

Disclosed are foam compositions and processes to form closed-cell tannin-based foams. The foams comprises a continuous polymeric phase defining a plurality of cells, wherein the continuous polymeric phase comprises a tannin-based resin derived from a tannin and a monomer, wherein the monomer comprises furfural, glyoxal, acetaldehyde, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, acrolein, levulinate esters, sugars, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic aldehyde, urea, difurfural (DFF), furfuryl alcohol, glycerol, sorbitol, lignin, or mixtures thereof, and wherein the plurality of cells comprises a plurality of open-cells and a plurality of closed-cells with an open-cell content measured according to ASTM D6226-5, of less than 50%. The foam composition also comprises a discontinuous phase disposed in at least a portion of the plurality of closed-cells, the discontinuous phase comprising one or more blowing agents.

Closed-cell tannin-based foams without formaldehyde

Disclosed are foam compositions and processes to form closed-cell tannin-based foams. The foams comprises a continuous polymeric phase defining a plurality of cells, wherein the continuous polymeric phase comprises a tannin-based resin derived from a tannin, a first monomer, and a second monomer, wherein the first monomer comprises formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, furfural, glyoxal, acetaldehyde, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, acrolein, levulinate esters, sugars, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic aldehyde, urea, difurfural (DFF), or mixtures thereof, and the second monomer comprises furfuryl alcohol, glycerol, sorbitol, lignin, or mixtures thereof, and wherein the plurality of cells comprises a plurality of open-cells and a plurality of closed-cells with an open-cell content measured according to ASTM D6226-5, of less than 50%. The foam composition also comprises a discontinuous phase disposed in at least a portion of the plurality of closed-cells, the discontinuous phase comprising one or more blowing agents.

Closed-cell tannin-based foams

Disclosed are foam compositions and processes to form mixed tannin-phenolic foams. The foams comprises a continuous polymeric phase defining a plurality of cells, wherein the continuous polymeric phase comprises a mixed-resin derived from a phenol, a tannin, and a first monomer, and wherein the plurality of cells comprises a plurality of open-cells and a plurality of closed-cells with an open-cell content measured according to ASTM D6226-5, of less than 50%. The foam composition also comprises a discontinuous phase disposed in at least a portion of the plurality of closed-cells, the discontinuous phase comprising one or more blowing agents.

Mixed tannin-phenolic foams

A layered adaptive membrane structure that has movable membranes is provided. The structure can change its gas, liquid and/or particulate permeability in response to surrounding environmental conditions. Applications include protective apparel that is comfortable to wear wherein the level of protection provided is based on conditions in the environment. Hence, the protective apparel is highly breathable and comfortable in a non-hazardous environment but impermeable or only semipermeable in a hazardous environment.

Layered adaptive membrane structure

Porous adaptive membrane structures having movable membranes are provided. The structures can be made to change their gas, liquid and/or particulate permeability in response to surrounding environmental conditions. Applications includes protective apparel that is comfortable to wear wherein the level of protection provided is based on conditions in the environment. Hence, the protective apparel is highly breathable and comfortable in a non-hazardous environment but impermeable or only semipermeable in a hazardous environment.

Fail-closed adaptive membrane structure

An adaptive membrane structure is provided. The adaptive membrane structure has movable membranes that can be made to change its gas, liquid or particulate permeability in response to surrounding environmental conditions. Such adaptive membrane structures can be used to provide protective apparel that is comfortable to wear wherein the level of protection provided is based on conditions in the environment. The adaptive membrane structures can be used to provide protective enclosures.

Adaptive membrane structure

Processes for making fiber-on-end materials are provided. The materials can be used to make a variety of finished articles.

Processes for making fiber-on-end materials

The present invention relates to a multilayer protective enclosure for protecting humans, animals or perishables from hazardous agents in the environment. The enclosure contains a porous adaptive membrane structure that has movable membranes with insertable protrusions. The structure can be made to change its gas, liquid or particulate permeability in response to surrounding environmental conditions. Hence, the enclosure is highly breathable in a non-hazardous environment but impermeable or only semipermeable in a hazardous environment.

Adaptive membrane structure with insertable protrusions

The present invention relates to a porous adaptive membrane structure that has movable membranes. The structure can be made to change its gas, liquid or particulate permeability in response to surrounding environmental conditions. The application of this invention is includes protective apparel that is comfortable to wear wherein the level of protection provided is based on conditions in the environment. Hence, the protective apparel is highly breathable and comfortable in a non-hazardous environment but impermeable or only semipermeable in a hazardous environment.

A process for forming solid particles comprising the steps of: combining in molten form a major component of a crystallizable condensation homopolymer and a minor component of a non-crystallizable condensation polymer, wherein the crystallizable condensation homopolymer and the non-crystallizable condensation polymer each have a degree of polymerization of 10 to less than 48 prior to the combining; mixing the combined crystallizable condensation homopolymer and non-crystallizable condensation polymer in molten form to form a mixture that comprises 10 to 30 mol % of the non-crystallizable condensation polymer; forming the mixture into droplets; exposing the droplets to a thermal environment which results in the bulk of the droplet reaching within 15 seconds a temperature within &plusmn;10&deg; C. of the temperature at which the maximum rate of crystallization of the crystallizable condensation homopolymer occurs; and crystallizing at least a portion of the crystallizable condensation homopolymer in the mixture to form solid particles.

Process for crystallizing at least a portion of a crystallizable condensation homopolymer to form solid particles

A process for producing an oriented shaped article that comprises the steps of (a) forming a shaped article comprising a block copolymer comprising 75% to 90% by weight of polyethylene terephthalate blocks and 10% to 25% by weight of polyethylene isophthalate blocks and (b) biaxially stretching the shaped article to a planar stretch ratio of 10 to 30.

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Kennett Square, PA, United States of America

Vivek Kapur