Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC

Mxgo Technologies, Inc.

Mxgo

Other

Jens Horstmann

Vincent L Tang

Jens U Horstmann

Alan Rothkopf

Tal Dayan

Arie Avnur

Justin M Kitagawa

Carolyn B Boyce

Aleksandr M Schvartsman

Aswath N Satrasala

Ajay H Giovindarajan

Steven Falabella

Glenn A Meyer

Brian Rusnak

Gary Guethlein

Christopher M Spadaccini

Stephen E Sampayan

John Richardson Harris

Li-Fang Wang

Jeff Morse

James M Hall

James F McCarrick

Han Wang

Ajay Govindarajan

A method for producing a neutrons includes producing a voltage of negative polarity of at least &#x2212;100 keV on a surface of a deuterated or tritiated target in response to a temperature change of a pyroelectric crystal of less than about 40&#xb0; C., the pyroelectric crystal having the deuterated or tritiated target coupled thereto, pulsing a deuterium ion source to produce a deuterium ion beam, accelerating the deuterium ion beam to the deuterated or tritiated target, and directing the ion beam onto the deuterated or tritiated target to make neutrons using at least one element of the following: a voltage of the pyroelectric crystal and a high gradient insulator (HGI) surrounding the pyroelectric crystal. The accelerating of the deuterium ion beam is achieved by using an ion accelerating mechanism comprising a pyroelectric stack accelerator having a first thermal altering mechanism for changing a temperature of the pyroelectric stack accelerator.

Neutron generation using pyroelectric crystals

According to one embodiment, a method for producing a directed neutron beam includes producing a voltage of negative polarity of at least &#x2212;100 keV on a surface of a deuterated or tritiated target in response to a temperature change of a pyroelectric crystal of less than about 40&#xb0; C., the pyroelectric crystal having the deuterated or tritiated target coupled thereto, pulsing a deuterium ion source to produce a deuterium ion beam, accelerating the deuterium ion beam to the deuterated or tritiated target to produce a neutron beam, and directing the ion beam onto the deuterated or tritiated target to make neutrons using at least one of a voltage of the pyroelectric crystal, and a high gradient insulator (HGI) surrounding the pyroelectric crystal. The directionality of the neutron beam is controlled by changing the accelerating voltage of the system. Other methods are presented as well.

According to one embodiment, an apparatus includes a pyroelectric crystal, a deuterated or tritiated target, an ion source, and a common support coupled to the pyroelectric crystal, the deuterated or tritiated target, and the ion source. In another embodiment, a method includes producing a voltage of negative polarity on a surface of a deuterated or tritiated target in response to a temperature change of a pyroelectric crystal, pulsing a deuterium ion source to produce a deuterium ion beam, accelerating the deuterium ion beam to the deuterated or tritiated target to produce a neutron beam, and directing the ion beam onto the deuterated or tritiated target to make neutrons using a voltage of the pyroelectric crystal and/or an HGI surrounding the pyroelectric crystal. The directionality of the neutron beam is controlled by changing the accelerating voltage of the system. Other apparatuses and methods are presented as well.

Neutron interrogation systems using pyroelectric crystals and methods of preparation thereof

A non-radio-isotopic radiological source using a dense plasma focus (DPF) to produce an intense z-pinch plasma from a gas, such as helium, and which accelerates charged particles, such as generated from the gas or injected from an external source, into a target positioned along an acceleration axis and of a type known to emit ionizing radiation when impinged by the type of accelerated charged particles. In a preferred embodiment, helium gas is used to produce a DPF-accelerated He2+ ion beam to a beryllium target, to produce neutron emission having a similar energy spectrum as a radio-isotopic AmBe neutron source. Furthermore, multiple DPFs may be stacked to provide staged acceleration of charged particles for enhancing energy, tunability, and control of the source.

Dense plasma focus (DPF) accelerated non radio isotopic radiological source

A server includes a mail interface that can communicate messages using various formats and protocols to track down recipients of important messages. An automated dispatcher maintains dispatching rules that establish preferences for message routing. The dispatching rules distinguish between email, mobile-phone, and pager addresses and communication protocols and can be set to try different addresses and protocols to get a message to one or more recipients. Forwarded messages can be reformatted for the receiving device, while a copy of the original message is retained. Messages may be reformatted to include the phone number of the message sender. The reformatted message can then present the user with an option to return the message via a phone call. The reformatted message can include more than one phone number, in which case the sender's phone numbers can be prioritized for presentation to the user. The reformatted message can also present the user with an option to review notes or other contact-specific information prior to responding to the message.

Methods and systems for dispatching messages to mobile devices

The inversion algorithm based on the maximum entropy method (MEM) removes unwanted effects in high energy imaging resulting from an uncollimated source interacting with a finitely thick scintillator. The algorithm takes as input the image from the thick scintillator (TS) and the radiography setup geometry. The algorithm then outputs a restored image which appears as if taken with an infinitesimally thin scintillator (ITS). Inversion is accomplished by numerically generating a probabilistic model relating the ITS image to the TS image and then inverting this model on the TS image through MEM. This reconstruction technique can reduce the exposure time or the required source intensity without undesirable object blurring on the image by allowing the use of both thicker scintillators with higher efficiencies and closer source-to-detector distances to maximize incident radiation flux. The technique is applicable in radiographic applications including fast neutron, high-energy gamma and x-ray radiography using thick scintillators.

System for uncollimated digital radiography

A two-phase mixed media insulator having a dielectric fluid filling the interstices between macro-sized dielectric beads packed into a confined volume, so that the packed dielectric beads inhibit electro-hydrodynamically driven current flows of the dielectric liquid and thereby increase the resistivity and breakdown strength of the two-phase insulator over the dielectric liquid alone. In addition, an electrical apparatus incorporates the two-phase mixed media insulator to insulate between electrical components of different electrical potentials. And a method of electrically insulating between electrical components of different electrical potentials fills a confined volume between the electrical components with the two-phase dielectric composite, so that the macro dielectric beads are packed in the confined volume and interstices formed between the macro dielectric beads are filled with the dielectric liquid.

Two-phase mixed media dielectric with macro dielectric beads for enhancing resistivity and breakdown strength

A mail server collects messages from a number of user accounts and presents them to the user from a single location. Forwarded messages are automatically reformatted for the receiving device, while a copy of the original message is retained. Messages may be reformatted to include the phone number of the message sender. The reformatted message can then present the user with an option to return the message via a phone call. The reformatted message can include more than one phone number, in which case the sender's phone numbers can be prioritized for presentation to the user. The reformatted message can also present the user with an option to review notes or other contact-specific information prior to responding to the message.

Methods and systems for automatically presenting users with option to call sender responsive to email message

A communication server collects messages from a number of user accounts and presents them to the user from a single location. The user can set the mail server to block unwanted messages and to forward others to various receiving devices, including mobile telephones and pagers. Forwarded messages are automatically reformatted for the receiving device, while a copy of the original message is retained. The retained copy can be viewed later if the user is interested in message content that was not available to the wireless device. The user can also use the wireless device to forward the original message to another receiving device. In the case of forwarding, the saved original message and not the reformatted message is sent to the forwarding address. Replies to messages directed to the user from different message sources identify the user by message source to allow the user to maintain separate email identities.

Methods and systems for filtering, sorting, and dispatching messages to wired and wireless devices

A mail server collects messages from a number of user accounts and presents them to the user from a single location. The user can set the mail server to block unwanted messages and to forward others to various receiving devices, including mobile telephones and pagers. Forwarded messages are automatically reformatted for the receiving device, while a copy of the original message is retained. The retained copy can be viewed later if the user is interested in message content that was not available to the wireless device. The user can also use the wireless device to forward the original message to another receiving device. In the case of forwarding, the saved original message and not the reformatted message is sent to the forwarding address. Some embodiments include an email agent that automatically pushes messages from intranet clients to the mail server through a firewall, thereby enabling the mail server to consolidate messages from intranet and Internet sources.

Growing community of inventors

Pleasanton, CA, United States of America

Vincent L Tang