Vaisala Oy

Veijo Antikainen

Lars Stormbom

Jorma Ponkala

Heikki Turtiainen

Ari Paukkunen

Osmo Reittu

Hannu Jauhiainen

Simo Tammela

Ingmar Stuns

The invention relates to a method and temperature sensor structure for compensating radiation error particularly in a radiosonde, rocket sonde or dropsonde. According to the method, each sonde carries at least one temperature sensor. According to the invention, the temperature measurement is carried out by means of two temperature sensors, both having low emissivities but different absorption coefficients for solar radiation.

Method and temperature sensor structure for elimination of radiation

The invention concerns an electrical impedance detector for measurement of physical quantities, in particular of temperature or humidity, as well as a process for manufacture of the detectors. The impedance detector is composed of pieces cut off from a continuous detector filament (20). The detector filament (20) comprises an electrically conductive pair of electrode wires (10a,10b) or an equivalent assembly of electrode wires, on/between which there is an active material (11) whose impedance properties are a function of the physical quantity to be measured. The different electrode wires (10a,10b) of the detector filament (20) in the pieces of detector filament (20) have been cut off at different points (41a,41b), compared with one another, so that the impedance (CM) to be measured will be formed in the area (CV) between the cut-off points (41a,41b) of the electrode wires (10a,10b). As the starting material of the active material layer (11') in the detector, a glass paste (11P) is used, through which the pair of electrode wires (10a,10b) is drawn through the drying oven (34) onto the receiving frame (35). The stage of crystallization of the active material layer takes place in a separate heat-treatment stage which takes place after the winding stage.

Method of manufacturing an impedance detector

Method, in particular in radiosondes, for measurement of relative humidity by using a capacitive humidity detector (10) or a combination of detectors (10.sub.1,10.sub.2 ;10P), as well as humidity detectors. In the detector, between the capacitor plates, an insulating material (12) is used, whose permittivity is a function of the amount of water vapor absorbed by the insulating material (12). The detector (10) or the combination of detectors is heated in order to remove any ice, frost or condensed humidity deposited on the face and/or in the environment of the detector. The detector capacitance (C.sub.M) or a part (C.sub.1 . . . C.sub.N) of same is heated, in time and/or in place, periodically by means of electric current (I). The detecting of the detector capacitance (C.sub.M) is carried out without measurement of the detector temperature after the detector capacitance or a part (C.sub.1 . . . C.sub.N) of same has cooled down substantially to the temperature of the environment where the ratio of the duration of the measurement cycle to the duration of the heating cycle is selected from a minimum range of 10 to one, up to a maximum range of 3000 to one.

Method for measurement of relative humidity, in particular in

Method, in particular in radiosondes, for measurement of relative humidity by using a capacitive humidity detector (10) or a combination of detectors (10.sub.1, 10.sub.2 ; 10P), as well as humidity detectors. In the detector, between the capacitor plates, an insulating material (12) is used, whose permittivity is a function of the amount of water absorbed by the insulating material (12). The detector (10) or the combination of detectors is heated in order to remove any ice, frost or condensed humidity deposited on the face and/or in the environment of the detector. The detector capacitance (C.sub.M) or a part (C.sub.1 . . . C.sub.N) of same is heated, in time and/or in place, periodically by means of electric current (I). The detecting of the detector capacitance (C.sub.M) is carried out without measurement of the detector temperature after the detector capacitance or a part (C.sub.1 . . . C.sub.N) of same has cooled down substantially to the temperature of the environment.

Method of measurement of relative humidity, in particular in

A capsule for use in aneroid pressure gauges comprising a pair of membranes sealed to each other along peripherally extending side edge regions to define a sealed, interior space therebetween. One of the membranes is formed having a centrally located charge retaining region. A capacitor plate is fixed to the other membrane and is disposed within the sealed interior space in opposed relationship to the charge retaining region. The means by which the capacitor plate is fastened to its respective membrane is electrically conductive and extends through the membrane while being electrically insulated therefrom. Changes in pressure are measured by measuring the changes in the capacitance between the capacitor plate and charge retaining region, the latter changes being effected by the changes in the distance between the membranes resulting from pressure fluctuations. The aneroid capsule is particularly suited for use in connection with an aneroid pressure gauge utilized in radiosondes.

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Vantaa, Finland

Veijo Antikainen