The State University of New York

Vamsy P Chodavarapu

Frank V Bright

Albert Titus

Alexander N Cartwright

Rachel M Bukowski

pH-change sensors and related methods are disclosed. One such sensor may have a first ion-sensitive transistor-operational-transconductance-amplifier (the 'first IOTA') and a second ion-sensitive transistor-operational-transconductance-amplifier (the 'second IOTA'). Each IOTA may have an ion-sensitive transistor, a load transistor, and an output. In each IOTA, the drain region of the ion-sensitive transistor may be connected to the drain region of the load transistor. A differential sensor may be connected to the IOTAs, and an output from the differential sensor may indicate a voltage difference between the IOTA outputs. The output from the differential sensor may be used to provide an indication of a change in pH.

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Verdun, Canada

Vamsy P Chodavarapu