Varta Batterie Aktiengesellschaft

Max-planck-gesellschaft Zur F&#xf6;rderung Der Wissenschaften E. V.

Ulrich Von Alpen

Albrecht Rabenau

Axel Krauth

Heinrich Schelter

Erich Schonherr

Michael F Bell

Antony Oliapuram

Stefan Schindler

Subash Chander Nijhawan

Jurgen Fenner

Gertraude Muller

Joachim Marcoll

Reinhard Brautigam

Holger Diem

Hans Hofer

In galvanic high-energy cells with negative light-metal electrodes (e.g., Li) and electrolyte component solvents including ether with a CH bond activated by the neighboring groups --O--, .dbd.CO or .dbd.N, the formation of explosive peroxides is inhibited by adding stabilizer substances to the electrolyte in amounts of about 100 ppm. These stabilizer substances can include alkyl-substituted phenols, especially 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, and readily oxidizable organosulfur and organophosphorus compounds such as trimethylphosphite. This permits safe handling of the cells, even under unusual operating conditions (e.g., prolonged overcharging at high current).

Water-free organic electrolyte

Mixed crystals, a method for their preparation and their use

By use of new ion conducting but non-electron conducting mixed crystal compounds of the type sodium zirconium phosphatosilicate as the ceramic board material for electronic circuitry it is possible to provide full integration of electronic, electro-chemical and optical components, because the boards simultaneously constitute the solid electrolyte for the miniaturized batteries serving as energy source, and for an electrochromic display system. An illustrative practical embodiment involves housing within a ceramic multi-layer structure a battery with positive electrode and negative electrode for a quartz driving circuit and an electrochromic (ECD) display controlled by an microprocessor. For the flow of current through the ECD there is used a secondary element formed of a WO.sub.3 electrode and a Na-tungstenate electrode as the counter electrode, the WO.sub.3 segments assuming a blue color due to diffusion of Na.sup.+ ions.

Ceramic substrate support for electronic components and integrated

Non-aqueous alkaline cells, particularly those with Li anodes, are effectively protected against oxidation or carbonization due to inwardly diffusing moisture by providing them with a getter material of high specific adsorbtivity for gases. For this, there are particularly useful molecular sieves of the Zeolite type, of highly active aluminum oxide, or of silica gel. For retaining the getter, there can be used as receptor media the porous separator or the solid cathode material, and if appropriate also the solid electrolyte. In addition, the getter material can form an extrudable or injectable composite polymer with the plastic of a conventional housing seal, which functions as a water vapor barrier right in the sealing region.

Galvanic element with integral getter

Electrochemical storage cell with liquid sodium anode and liquid sulfur cathode disposed in a multiplicity of parallel-connected anode and cathode spaces in a part made of a ceramic, ion-conducting solid electrolyte material. The solid electrolyte part comprises profiled ceramic plates which have been sintered together and form mutually parallel channels with thin partitioning walls. The anode spaces formed by the channels are open at the upper end and closed at the opposite end, and the upper ends communicate with a sodium supply. The cathode spaces are open at the upper and lower ends and communicate with a sulfur and cell reaction products supply. Metallic collectors are sunk into the cathode spaces.

Electrochemical storage cell

A mixed crystal of the general composition

Ion conductive mixed crystal

Crystalline lithium nitride, stable in air, characterized by a sodium content of less than 5.times.10.sup.-2 weight-percent, a potassium content of less than 10.sup.-2 weight-percent, a magnesium content of less than 1.times.10.sup.-2 weight-percent, and a silicon and iron content of 10.sup.-2 to 10.sup.-3 weight-percent each; is obtained by heating lithium having a purity of at least 99.9% in a vessel made of tungsten, niobium, ruthenium or tantalum in a nitrogen atmosphere at a pressure of at least 250 mm Hg in the absence of oxygen and water at a temperature of from 300.degree. C. to the melting point of lithium nitride.

Stable crystalline lithium nitride and process for its preparation

Electrochemical cells utilize crystalline chalcogen halides as solid eleclytes. Processes for the manufacture of the chalcogen halides and of the solid electrolyte cells are disclosed.

Growing community of inventors

Schlossborn, Germany

Ulrich Von Alpen