Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft

Sud-chemie Ag

Ulrich Heinrich Sander

Karl-Heinz Dorr

Hugo Grimm

Karl H Dorr

Eilhard Hillrichs

Michael Tacke

Harald Helmrich

Michael Karl Eichelsbacher

Robert Peichl

Walter Blumrich

Hans J Konig

Rudolf Wilhelm

Helmut Zeh

Manfred Kriebel

Wilfried Weiss

Wolfgang Fennemann

Herbert Fischer

Ernst Wallis

Franz Maier

Klaus Dziondziak

Peter Mitschke

Manfred Beckmann

Waldemar Weber

Eberhard Julius Schlichting

Manfred Kienberger

Frantisek Hotek

Heinrich Traulsen

Hermann Muller

Peter Hanel

Heinz Dittmar

Vaclav Cerny

Jiri Pendl

Roland Herbert Bodmer

Jurgen Kuhn

Bernd Ahlers

Pavel Soukup

Helmut Diekmann

Manfred Bick

Ulrich Rothe

Alfons Schulte

Process of preparing solutions of alkali peroxide and percarbonate

Continous process of producing beer

A process is disclosed for preparing an organic acid and/or its salts from a solution obtained through fermentation. In this process, a pure carbohydrate-containing raw material is used. The acid-containing solution prepared by means of fermentation is supplied to a cell separation, and the acid-containing permeate is supplied to a protein precipitation, where it is mixed with a silicon-containing precipitant at temperatures between 2.degree. and 70.degree. C. The solution thus obtained is supplied to a protein separation, and the acid-containing permeate is concentrated and then supplied to a single- or multi-stage crystallization or a granulation.

Process of preparing an organic acid

Process of preparing alkali peroxide solutions

The membrane serves to cover a gas diffusion electrode on its outside surface facing a liquid electrolyte. The membrane is impermeable to gas and water-absorbent. It comprises a textile carrier layer. At least one gas-sealing layer, which contains ion exchange material and binder in a weight ratio from 10:1 to 1:2, is bonded to the textile carrier layer. In the manufacture of the membrane, an adhesive layer consisting of a binder in a solvent and subsequently at least one gas-sealing layer are applied to the textile carrier layer.

Membrane for a gas diffusion electrode, process of manufacturing the

In a process of manufacturing a channel plate assembly including a plurality of partial plates confining passages for a first medium which continuously define on all sides in direction of flow and interconnected by a plurality of spacers spaced apart in the direction of flow, the spacers are fixed in a fixture and joined to a first plate, and then the spacers are joined to another plate in a fixture on a side which faces away from the first plate.

Channel plate assembly with parallel plates, process and fixture for

A multilayer membrane is composed of a carrier layer, a porous supporting layer and a separating layer. The carrier layer consists of fibers of polyamide, polyvinylidene difluoride, polyester or glass; the porous supporting layer consists of a polysulfone, polyvinylidene difluoride, polyethersulfone, polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polyacrylonitrile or polyether imide; the separating layer consists of polyvinyl alcohol. The separating layer is nonporous and has a structure having a high microcrystalline content. A process of manufacturing that membrane is also described.

Multilayer membrane and process of manufacturing the same

A channel plate assembly comprises parallel plates, which are joined to each other and define passages for a first flowing fluid. Each of said passages is continuously defined on all sides in the direction of flow. Parallel plates are interconnected by spacers, which are spaced apart in the direction of flow and have a width that is smaller than the width of each passage which is continuously defined in the direction of flow. A process of manufacturing the channel plate assembly, two fixtures for use in carrying out the process and the use of the channel plate assembly for supplying and/or discharging a first flowing fluid in a plate apparatus are provided.

An H.sub.2 S-containing gas is combusted with oxygen in at least one burner, which discharges into a combustion chamber. The resulting mixed gases contain H.sub.2 S, SO.sub.2, free hydrogen and elementary sulfur and are at temperatures of about 900.degree. to 2000.degree. C. At temperatures of about 900.degree. to 2000.degree. C. at least part of the free hydrogen is removed from said mixed gases. The free hydrogen may be removed from the mixed gases, e.g., through membranes.

Process of combusting an H.sub.2 S-containing gas

Ferritic chromium-molybdenum steels containing

Structural part made of ferritic chromium-molybdenum steel which is

Spherical biocatalyst particles having increased abrasion resistance are obtained containing a biologically active material such as a microorganism, TiO.sub.2 particles having a size of 0.1 to 1 micrometer and an ionotropic biopolymer such as alginate, pectin, carrageenan or chitosan. The biocatalyst is prepared by forming a homogeneous degassed aqueous dispersion containing the biopolymer, 0.1 to 20% by weight of the biologically active material and 7 to 35% by weight of the TiO.sub.2 particles, and dropping droplets of the dispersion from a nozzle into a precipitation both containing polyvalent cations to precipitate the biopolymer and form spherical biocatalyst particles of 0.05 to 5 mm in diameter. The droplets may pass through a gas space containing an inert gas, air or reactive vapors such as acetaldehyde before reaching the precipitation bath. The TiO.sub.2 particles may be surface-impregnated with Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and/or aluminum oxide hydrate.

Spherical biocatalyst containing titanium dioxide particles

A liquid mixture is separated by pervaporation in an apparatus formed by a unitary stack of upright rectangular plates, diaphragms, and seals held together by tie rods. Each of the plates is formed with two upper and two lower corners formed with respective holes and each plate is formed inward of the respective holes with a corrugated central portion and the holes of the plates are aligned horizontally. Each diaphragm is sandwiched between two plates to form a cell having a pair of compartments separated by the respective diaphragm. The seals are arranged in the upstream region of the stack such that the liquid mixture enters one of the lower holes, passes downstream along the upstream portion into one of the compartments of each cell, and its lighter fraction passes as vapor through the diaphragms into the other compartments of these cells while its heavier fraction passes back upstream and exits the apparatus from one of the upper holes. The lighter fraction moves downstream in the stack through one compartment of each of the downstream cells while a coolant is circulated through the other compartments of these downstream cells so this lighter fraction is condensed and exits the apparatus through one of the lower holes.

Apparatus for separating liquid mixtures by pervaporation

A process is described for the production of alcoholates from alkali metal hydroxides and aliphatic alcohol which in their molecule contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The alcoholates are produced in that alkali metal hydroxide is mixed with an alcohol and is reacted with said alcohol at a temperature from 80.degree. to 110.degree. C., preferably from 80.degree. to 100.degree. C., and under a pressure from 0.3 to 1.2 bars, the alcohol water mixture which evaporates during the reaction is separated into its components by at least one membrane, the alcohol vapor and the water vapor are condensed and the condensed alcohol is recycled to the reaction.

Process for producing alkali metal alcoholates

The moist ores are dried in direct contact with hot dry tail gas from a contact process plant for producing sulfuric acid. The dried ores are roasted, the SO.sub.2 -containing gases produced by the roasting are processed in the contact process plant to produce sulfuric acid, and the tail gases from the contact process plant are heated up with surplus heat from the contact process plant. These heated tail gases are used to dry the moist ores.

Process of drying sulfide ores in direct contact with hot drying gases

The SO.sub.2 content of gases is catalytically reacted to form SO.sub.3. The SO.sub.3 -containing gases are cooled in a plurality of stages with a cooling fluid (A) before the SO.sub.3 is absorbed. The absorbing acid is cooled by a cooling fluid (B) which delivers heat to a consumer. To increase the temperature of the cooling fluid (B) or to reduce the expenditue and to prevent a temperature drop in the SO.sub.3 -containing gases below the dew point temperature, the SO.sub.3 -containing gases are cooled first by and indirect heat exchange and then by a second indirect heat exchange with a cooling fluid (A) to a temperature slightly above the dew point temperature of the SO.sub.3 -containing gases. The cooling fluid (A) is conducted in a closed cycle. The sulfuric acid circulated through the absorber is cooled by an indirect heat exchange with a liquid cooling fluid (B), which is conducted in a closed cycle. The liquid cooling fluid (B) which has been heated is heated further by an indirect heat exchange with the heated cooling fluid (A). The hot cooling fluid (B) is cooled by an indirect heat exchange with the consumer.

Process of producing sulfuric acid

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Friedrichsdorf, Germany

Ulrich Heinrich Sander