Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft

Ude Scheunemann

Werner Prass

Donald Lupo

Werner Hickel

Uwe Falk

Helmut Ringsdorf

Ivan Cabrera

Martin Bruck

Marcellus Peuckert

Tilo Vaahs

Thomas Stehlin

Jurgen Theis

Peter Boldt

Gerhard Geiss

Martin Blenkle

Christian Erdelen

Gunther Appel

Jacqueline Bauer

Olaf Althoff

Georg Pawlowski

Andreas Zimmermann

Juergen Lingnau

Harald Cherdron

Werner Interthal

Michael Feldhues

Peter Wilharm

Guenther Kaempf

Andre Laschewsky

Andreas Mayer

Hans-Karl Muller

Composition containing an aerogel, method of producing said composition

To produce a composite membrane, the solution of a polymer in a volatile organic solvent is spread on water, the solvent is allowed to evaporate, the polymer is crosslinked and the polymer film formed is transferred to a porous support membrane. The polymer is preferably a polysiloxane which is cross-linked via polymer-bonded OH groups. The composite membrane is suitable, inter alia, for pervaporation.

Composite membrane and process for its production

Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R is a C.sub.1 - to C.sub.22 -alkyl radical,

Substituted thieno�3,2b!thiophenes and their use

A composite membrane comprises a porous carrier membrane (A) and a fluorine-containing permselective layer (C) which is a copolymer and has a thickness of 10 to 500 nm. The copolymer of layer (C) comprises

Composite membranes and processes for their production

An optical component comprises an electromagnetic radiation-transparent polymeric medium having a second-order susceptibility of at least 10.sup.-9 electrostatic units where this polymeric medium comprises compounds having polar-aligned noncentrosymmetric molecular dipoles which have as structural element an electron acceptor which is bound to an electron donor via a conjugated .pi.-electron system, which makes possible an oscillation of the molecular dipole between a ground state having a first dipole moment and an electronically excited state having a second dipole moment different from the first, and the nonionic polymeric medium comprises an alternating arrangement of at least one Langmuir-Blodgett film each of at least two different nonionic polymers having nonlinear optical properties. Besides high mechanical and chemical stability the optical component of the invention has excellent nonlinear optical properties, for example frequency-doubling.

Optical component based on Langmuir-Blodgett layers

A transparent molded article for optical applications made from silicon nitride and a coating thereon of oxidic silicon nitride formed by chemical reaction of the silicon nitride with oxygen. The moldings can be shaped, depending on the area of application, to give various articles, for example optical waveguides, prisms, sensor elements or lenses, and are used in all areas where high optical demands are made.

Optical waveguide moldings made from silicon nitride and a method of

Substituted thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes, processes for their preparation and their use Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R is a C.sub.1 - to C.sub.22 -alkyl radical,

Substituted thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes and their use

In order to continuously produce an ultrathin, ordered layer of amphiphilic molecules on the surface of a polar liquid a directed flow of the polar liquid is produced in a duct which contains the amphiphilic molecules in dissolved or undissolved form on the surface in spread form. In the duct, a duct section having a relatively high flow rate on the surface and comprising a ramp which is arranged at the bottom of the duct and washed over by the polar liquid is provided. This is followed by a duct section having a relatively low flow rate on the surface, in which the flow is dammed up at an obstacle at a liquid level constant with time, so that an ultrathin, ordered layer of amphiphilic molecules is continuously formed in these duct sections at the polar liquid/air interface by compression of the flow. The washed over ramp is movable.

Process and device for producing ultrathin layers and layer element

A layer element comprises a plurality of monomolecular layers in a regular and alternating arrangement ABABAB . . . on a substrate, wherein A is a layer of a dye whose chromophore has a donor-acceptor structure and B is a layer of cellulose whose hydroxyl groups are at least partly substituted by the radical ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently of the other an alkyl radical of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sup.3 is an alkyl radical of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or phenyl, tolyl or benzyl. It is useful for nonlinear optics.

Layer element having a plurality of monomolecular layers

A process for the preparation of optical materials from silicon nitride by pyrolysis of polymeric silazanes, by pressing the pulverulent polymeric silazanes to give moldings before the pyrolysis or first dissolving the polymeric silazanes in an organic solvent, drawing fibers from this solution and pyrolyzing these fibers after evaporation of the solvent, or by melting polymeric silazanes, casting, injection-molding or extruding this melt to give moldings and subsequently pyrolyzing the moldings. An oxidic coating is produced on the silicon nitride molding in an oxygen-containing atmosphere during or after the pyrolysis. The pyrolysis can be carried out at 800.degree.-1000.degree. C. in an atmosphere containing ammonia or an ammonia/inert gas mixture.

Optical moldings made from silicon nitride, and a process for their

Radiation-sensitive film composed of at least one mono-molecular layer

Amphiphilic copolymers containing silanyl groups and composed of derivatives of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid are described, which copolymers are suitable for the production of layer elements by the Langmuir-Blodgett method. Layer elements of this type can be used for optical waveguide systems and for the production of optical filters and for lithographic purposes.

Amphiphilic polymers containing silane units and film comprising at

Polyamides of the general formula [N(A)-X-N(B)-CO-Y-CO-].sub.n are described, in which Y denotes a divalent group, X a divalent radical whose chain contains at least two carbon atoms, A and B independently of one another denote H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.26 alkyl group and n denotes an integer greater than 4. The said polyamides contain at least one alkyl group of C.sub.6 to C.sub.26 per repeating unit. The groups X and/or Y contain at leat one CH.sub.2 group in the chain. The polyamides are prepared by reaction of a diamine of the formula NHA-X-NHB with an about equimolar amount of a reactive derivative of a dicarboxylic acid of the formula COOH-Y-COOH. The polyamides obtained can be used in order to prepare highly ordered monomolecular LB films on a support. For this purpose, the polyamide is dissolved in a volatile organic solvent which is immiscible with water and the solution is spread on the water/air interface. After evaporation of the solvent the layer is compressed and transferred to a solid support by the LB technique. The film is very stable and can be used to prepare optical waveguide systems, filters for optical purposes or protective layers.

Polyamide and film made from at least one monomolecular layer of a

An electrically conductive resist material is disclosed, comprising at least one polymer which is sensitive to ionizing radiation and a soluble electrically conductive oligomer or polymer. A process for producing the resist material is also described, comprising admixing an electrically conductive oligomer or polymer dissolved in a solvent to at least one polymer which is sensitive to ionizing radiation. The resist material is useful in preparing electron beam resists which prevent electrostatic charging and resultant electrostatic fields.

Electrically conductive resist material, a process for its preparation

Amphiphilic monomers with mixed-chain structures of the formula ##STR1## in which Y denotes --O-- or --NH--

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Liederbach, Germany

Ude Scheunemann