Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Uday B Pal

Kuo-Chih Chou

Zain Hasham

Shi Yuan

Gopala K Gazula

Ali Hasham

Donald Robert Sadoway

Harry L Tuller

Julian Szekely

Marlene A Spears

Steve A Kramer

A method and apparatus for enhancing reaction rates between ionic species such as slags, mattes, fluxes and the like with at least another component such as similar melts, metals, chemical compounds, gases or any combination thereof during metal processing operations is provided. A dispersion of the ionic species and the other component or components is formed and contacted with a plasma or electric arc such that migration of the ionic species is facilitated and space charges in the ionic species are discharged. Reactions for decarburization, dephosphorization, desulfurization, deoxidation, alloy additions, refining, extractions and recycling processes on an industrial scale are thereby enhanced.

Method for enhancing reaction rates in metals refining extraction, and

A process for improving the rate of metal production and FeO utilization in a steelmaking process or a process combining iron-making and steelmaking in a single reactor that uses or generates Fe-C metal alloy droplets submerged in an FeO-containing slag. The process involves discharging a charge build-up (electron accumulation) in the slag at the slag-metal alloy interface by means of an electron conductor connected between the metal alloy droplets and a gas at a gas-slag interface, said gas having an oxygen partial pressure of at least about 0.01 atmosphere.

Accelerated decarburization of Fe-C metal alloys

An apparatus for electrochemical refining of a low carbon steel melt is provided.

Apparatus for refining a low carbon steel melt

A process and apparatus for improving metal production in ironmaking and steelmaking processes is disclosed. The use of an inert metallic conductor in the slag containing crucible and the addition of a transition metal oxide to the slag are the disclosed process improvements.

Process for improving metal production in steelmaking processes

An electrochemical device including a solid electrolyte and solid electrode composed of materials having different chemical compositions and characterized by different electrical properties but having the same crystalline phase is provided. A method for fabricating an electrochemical device having a solid electrode and solid electrolyte characterized by the same crystalline phase is provided.

Method for making an electrochemical cell

A method for electrochemical refining of an impurity-containing low carbon steel melt using a solid electrolyte ionic conductor to remove the impurity from the melt is provided. Also provided are an apparatus for performing the method, and a continuous method for electrochemical refining of a low carbon steel melt.

Method for refining molten metals and recovering metals from slags

A process and apparatus for improving metal production in ironmaking and steelmaking processes is disclosed. The use of an inert metallic conductor in the slag-containing crucible and the addition of a transition metal oxide to the slag are the disclosed process improvements.

Process of discharging charge-build up in slag steelmaking processes

A method for electrochemical refining of an impurity-containing melt using a solid electrolyte ionic conductor to remove the impurity from the melt is provided. Also provided are an apparatus for performing the method, and a batch and a continuous method for electrochemical refining of a melt.

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Needham, MA, United States of America

Uday B Pal