E.i. Dupont De Nemours and Company

E.i. Du Pont Canada Company

Tuyu Xie

Howard C Ng

Aaron Minter

Peter Andrin

Rupert Spence

Edward R Murphy

Mohamed Abdou

Sridhar Makam P Kumar

Paul M Simmons

Scott B Fulton

Processes for reducing the color of polytrimethylene ether glycol or copolymers thereof are provided. The processes include polycondensing diols in the presence of an acid catalyst and adding base continuously over a period of the polycondensation reaction. The invention also relates to the polytrimethylene ether glycol thereof produced by these processes.

Polytrimethylene ether glycol or copolymers thereof having improved color and processes for their preparation

A process for improved performance in at least one fuel cell, having a loss in power output of at least 5% of an initial power output, wherein the fuel cell comprises a cathode, an anode, an anode chamber, a cathode chamber, a fuel comprising an anolyte that flows through the cell, and a catholyte gas, wherein the fuel cell is connected to an external load, and wherein the process includes the steps of taking the load off the fuel cell; and applying an external electric field from an external power source to the fuel cell to reverse electrochemical reactions until at least 5% of the lost power output is regained. Purging the fuel cell further enhances regeneration of the cell.

Method for regeneration of performance in a fuel cell

A method is disclosed to heat a direct methanol fuel cell stack system at start-up without using any external energy source. During the start-up period, the fuel cell stack is at open circuit state so that the fuel cell stack is not connected to any external circuit. The methanol solution introduced at the anode side of the fuel cell stack will diffuse through the proton conductive membrane to the cathode side of the fuel cell stack. The methanol diffused from the anode side will be oxidized at the cathode side by oxygen in the air stream. This oxidation reaction generates heat that heats up the fuel cell stack and the system. The concentration of methanol in the methanol solution can be varied depending on the initial stack temperature. The lower the initial stack temperature, the higher the concentration of the methanol solution required. At an initial stack temperature of &#x2212;40&#xb0; C., a solution having 40 wt % methanol is preferred to avoid freezing of the solution. If the initial stack temperature at start-up is above the freezing point of water, the methanol concentration in the solution can be in a range of 0.5 to 25 wt %, with a more preferred concentration range being from 3 to 10 wt % of methanol. The methanol solution and air feed rates can also be varied to control the rate at which heat is generated in the stack.

Method of heating up a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell system

The polymerization rate of olefins polymerizations using late transition metal catalysts which are coordinated to various ligands may be controlled by the amount of hydrogen present in the polymerization. The effect of hydrogen on polymerization rate is reversible.

Control of olefin polymerization using hydrogen

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Tuyu Xie