Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated

Kobe Steel, Ltd.

Osaka Gas Company Limited

Catalysts and Chemicals Inc., Far East

Toyo Engineering Corporation

Catalysts and Chemicals Inc.

Toshio Matsuhisa

Usaji Takaki

Isamu Sudo

Mamoru Aoki

Toshio Nishida

Hiroki Sadamori

Shinichi Adachi

Akira Hidaka

Isao Hara

Yoshihiro Yamamoto

Katsuharu Miyata

Shinobu Aoki

Toru Numaguchi

Hideaki Yanaru

Yasuo Nishioka

Kazuo Shoji

Yasuhiro Izawa

Ryuichi Mogami

To provide an improved steam reforming catalyst for lower hydrocarbons which is highly active and has a high crushing strength. An improved steam reforming catalyst for lower hydrocarbons comprising a support constituted of CaO and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and an active component comprising nickel or a platinum-group metal. The content of CaO is 0.5 to 25 wt% based on the catalyst, and at least part of the CaO forms compounds with the A1.sub.2 O.sub.3. The support has a void fraction X of pores with a diameter of 0.5 .mu.m to 20 .mu.m of 0.08 or higher, a void fraction Y of pores with a diameter smaller than 0.5 .mu.m of 0.15 or higher, and a total void fraction Z of 0.23 to 0.8 (provided that Z.ltoreq.(X+Y)).

Steam reforming catalysts for lower hydrocarbons

A catalytic combustion apparatus has a cylindrical housing defining a fluid passage, and a plurality of combustion catalyst bodies arranged face to face along the fluid passage in the cylindrical housing. The catalyst bodies are loosely fired in the cylindrical housing. Each catalyst body defines numerous bores extending along the fluid passage. The cylindrical housing includes holders extending inwardly of the housing for contacting end surfaces of the catalyst bodies to prevent movement thereof along the fluid passage.

Catalytic combustion apparatus

A catalytic combustion apparatus has a cylindrical housing defining a fluid passage, and a plurality of combustion catalyst bodies arranged face to face along the fluid passage in the cylindrical housing. The catalyst bodies are loosely fitted in the cylindrical housing. Each catalyst body defines numerous bores extending along the fluid passage. The cylindrical housing includes holders extending inwardly of the housing for contacting end surfaces of the catalyst bodies to prevent movement thereof along the fluid passage.

Disclosed herein is a process for preparing a corresponding cinnamate ester by reacting a styrene compound, carbon monoxide, an alcohol and oxygen by the use of (1) metallic palladium or a compound thereof, (2) a copper compound, (3) a compound of at least one metal selected from Groups 4A, 5A, 7A, 8A (the iron group only) and 2B in the Periodic Table and (4) a halogen compound as a catalyst which comprises treating the catalyst components recovered from the reaction liquid after completion of the reaction with an oxidizing agent in the presence of an organic acid to regenerate their catalytic activity, using the resulting catalyst components again in the reaction as a catalyst and repeating the foregoing procedure. The regenerated catalyst is recovered in catalytic activity to the extent of that of a fresh catalyst and thus gives a high reaction performance in the subsequent reaction. Thus, the catalyst containing expensive metal can be used circulatively.

Preparation process of cinnamate ester

A process is disclosed which prepares a cinnamic acid from a cinnamate ester by starting the hydrolysis reaction of the cinnamate ester with an alkali by use of water as a solvent in a heterogeneous binary-phase liquid system to obtain an aqueous alkaline solution of an alkali cinnamate and precipitating the cinnamic acid by conducting an acidifying reaction of said aqueous alkaline solution with a mineral acid so as to keep a pH value of not more than 4 in a resulting liquid.

Preparation process of cinnamic acids

A cinnamate ester is prepared by reacting carbon monoxide, oxygen, and its corresponding styrene compound and alcohol in the presence of a catalyst which contains, as essential components,

Preparation process of cinnamate esters

Disclosed herein is a process for preparing a corresponding cinnamate ester by the reaction of a styrene compound, carbon monoxide, an alcohol and oxygen by using a main catalyst composed of (a) a platinum group metal or a compound thereof and (b) a copper or iron compound and in the presence of a promoter, wherein the concentration of the metal of the component (a) is controlled at 5.5.times.10.sup.-4 gram atom/liter or below in the liquid reaction mixture and further the ratio of the component (b) to the metal of the component (a) is maintained at 50 moles/gram atom or above so as to carry out the reaction.

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Shimonoseki, Japan

Toshio Matsuhisa