Ube Industries, Inc.

Toshio Furuya

Masashi Shirai

Katsumasa Harada

Koji Shiba

Shigeyoshi Nishino

Hidetaka Shima

Nobuyuki Kuroda

Takafumi Iwasa

Kazuaki Kakita

Yoshihisa Kakuta

The present invention relates to a binuclear ruthenium complex dye having a higher absorption coefficient and capable of absorbing light of longer wavelength for realizing a photoelectric conversion element and a photochemical cell which may convert solar light into electricity over a wide wavelength range and exhibit high photoelectric conversion efficiency; and a binuclear ruthenium complex dye for realizing a photoelectric conversion element and a photochemical cell which may have high durability.

Photoelectric conversion element comprising binuclear ruthenium complex dye having a substituted bipyridyl group, and photochemical cell

Process for preparing piperonal

3,4-dihydroxybenzonitrile useful as a starting compound for synthesis of medicines and agricultural chemicals is produced, with a high yield by chlorinating 3,4-methylenedioxybenzonitrile with sulfuryl chloride or a mixture of molecular chlorine with a chlorination-promoter including phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride, sulfuryl chloride, thionyl chloride, and/or nitrosyl chloride, to prepare 2-chloro-benzo&lsqb;1,3&rsqb;dioxole-5-carbonitrile, and hydrolyzing 2-chloro-benzo&lsqb;1,3&rsqb;dioxole-5-carbonitrile by contacting it with water to produce 3,4-dihydroxybenzonitrile.

Process for producing 3,4-dihydroxybenzonitrile

Protocatechualdehyde is prepared by the steps of reacting piperonyl dichloride with molecular chlorine in the presence of phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride or sulfuryl chloride to prepare dichloropiperonylidene dichloride and hydrolyzing the dichloropiperonylidene dichloride. The piperonyl dichloride can be prepared by the reaction of piperonal with thionyl chloride in the presence of dimethylformamide.

Process for preparing protocatechualdehyde

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Ube, Japan

Toshio Furuya