Canon Kabushiki Kaisha

Canon Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha

Toshinari Miura

Takeshi Komuro

Katsuhiro Matsuda

Jun Murata

Takumi Furukawa

Noriaki Kuroda

Toshiro Suzuki

Hisao Kato

Yukinori Nagata

Yoko Kuruma

Masaki Ozawa

Kie Yutaka

Michitaka Kitahara

Kazuyuki Shishitsuka

Shinji Eritate

Masahiro Watabe

Hirohide Matsuhisa

Takenobu Kawano

Hirokazu Kakinuma

Takako c/o Canon Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Okabe

Shoji c/o Canon Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Inoue

Taku c/o Canon Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Hatanaka

Naohiko c/o Canon Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Nakano

The present invention provides a flame retardant composition including a flame retardant that is extracted from a plant and can exhibit high flame retardancy. The flame retardant composition includes a flame retardant compound represented by Formula (1) and polybutylene terephthalate. The content of the flame retardant compound is 12% by weight or more and 15% by weight or less based on the total weight of the flame retardant compound and the polybutylene terephthalate. In Formula (1), Rto Rrepresent substituents.

Flame retardant composition

Provided is a flame retardant composition containing a flame retardant compound and a polymer containing styrene or aromatic polyester represented by General Formula (1) 

A flame retardant composition contains the flame retardant described in Claim, aromatic polyester, a styrene polymer, rubber having a siloxane bond, and a fluorine compound.

The present invention provides a chemical sealing film which has high chemical resistance and high breaking strength and which does not contain chlorine. The present invention relates to a chemical sealing film containing an organic compound represented by general formula (1) shown in Claim. In general formula (1), R is a linear alkylene group having carbon atoms of 5 or more and 10 or less and n is an integer of 10 or more and 480 or less.

Chemical sealing film

A polyester resin that includes a furandicarboxylate, has excellent heat resistance, and can be used for producing a molding product. The polyester resin is provided by copolymerizing a diol having an amino group. The polyester resin includes a structural unit represented by formulae formula (1) and a structural unit represented by formula (2) that has an amide bond:  

Polyester resin, method of producing the resin, and molding product

Provided is a method of producing FDCA by which high-purity FDCA can be produced in high yield. 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid is produced by: bringing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into contact with an oxidant in an organic acid solvent in the presence of bromine and a metal catalyst; and allowing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and the oxidant to react with each other while removing water produced by the reaction.

Method of producing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid

An object of the present invention is to provide a charging member in which a toner, an additive for use in the toner, or the like is hard to adhere to the surface even under repeated use for a long time, and hence the charging and image output are made stable for a long time even if the charging member is used in the DC contact charging method, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the charging member. The present invention provides a charging member comprising a support, a conductive elastic layer formed on the support, and a surface layer formed on the conductive elastic layer, characterized in that the surface layer contains a polysiloxane having a fluoroalkyl group and an oxyalkylene group, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the charging member.

Charging member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus

A charging member has a surface layer. The surface layer contains a polysiloxane having a first unit, a second unit and a third unit each of which is represented by a specific formula. The ratio of the sum of the mole numbers of the first and second units to the sum of the mole numbers of the first to third units is in a specific range.

Charging member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

A charging member is provided in which a toner, an additive for use in the toner, or the like is hard to adhere to the surface even under repeated use for a long time, and hence the charging and image output are made stable for a long time even if the charging member is used in the DC contact charging method. Also provided are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the charging member. The charging member includes a support, a conductive elastic layer formed on the support, and a surface layer formed on the conductive elastic layer, characterized in that the surface layer contains a polysiloxane having a fluoroalkyl group and an oxyalkylene group, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the charging member.

A method for producing furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is provided which can efficiently and quantitatively producing FDCA under mild conditions, without employing an expensive catalyst and with a reduced energy consumption. A furan ring compound having two functional groups selected from a hydroxymethyl group, a formyl group and a carboxyl group in the 2- and 5-positions of the furan ring, is oxidized with a metal permanganate in an alkaline environment to produce furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid. Advantageously, the alkaline environment contains at least one of alkali metal hydroxides and alkali earth metal hydroxides, and the oxidation is performed at a temperature of from 1 to 50&#xb0; C. by adding the permanganate metal salt to the alkaline aqueous solution containing the furan ring compound.

Method for producing furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid

A cleaning blade is formed of a polyurethane elastomer obtained by using a hardener composition including at least trimethylolpropane. The polyurethane elastomer has the properties of (1) a trimethylolpropane concentration of at least 0.10 mM/g; (2) a urethane group concentration of at least 2.20 mM/g; and (3) a tan.delta. having a maximum value at a temperature of at most 12.degree. C.

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Kawasaki, Japan

Toshinari Miura