Canon Kabushiki Kaisha

Sony Corporation

Tomoko Maruyama

Shuzo Kaneko

Ryoji Fujiwara

Tomoko Murakami

Toshihiko Takeda

Keisuke Yamamoto

Tsuyoshi Nomoto

Yoshikazu Banno

Yasuko Tomida

Michiyo Nishimura

Toshikazu Onishi

Junji Ohyama

Akio Maruyama

Shinjiro Okada

Koichi Sato

Sakae Suda

Eisaku Tatsumi

Ikuo Nakazawa

Yoshikazu Shibamiya

Masayuki Ikegami

Ryuji Higashi

Hirokatsu Miyata

Hiroyuki Kitayama

Akio Yoshida

Hirohide Munakata

Katsuhiko Shinjo

Keiichiro Tsubaki

Kazumi Suga

Satoshi Mitsumura

Keiko Yamagishi

Kenzo Ina

Takashi Iizuka

Tsunehiro Kanno

Yoshinori Uno

Yuki Aikawa

Osamu Iketa

Kazuaki Sugai

Shouhei Maezawa

Murakami Tomoko

Atsushi Sakakibara

A liquid crystal display includes: a pair of substrates having display regions in positions facing each other and surrounding regions around the display regions, respectively, one of the pair of substrates including a wire made of a material blocking an ultraviolet ray in the surrounding region; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates; and a sealing layer arranged so as to overlap a part or the whole of the wire in a direction where the pair of substrates face each other, and sealing the liquid crystal layer, in which the sealing layer is made of a light-curable resin or a combination type resin and includes a photopolymerization initiator, and the content of the photopolymerization initiator is within a range of 0.01 wt % to 1 wt %, and the photopolymerization initiator has a wavelength peak of 320 nm to 420 nm.

Liquid crystal display and method of manufacturing the same

A liquid crystal display apparatus which includes an optical compensation layer in addition to a liquid crystal panel and which is capable of preventing degradation of the optical compensation layer, thereby providing high long-term reliability in display characteristics, is provided. The liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal panelin which a liquid crystal layeris interposed between a first substrateand a second substrate; a protection substratedisposed at least one side of the liquid crystal panelso as to face the liquid crystal panel; and an optical compensation layerinterposed between the liquid crystal paneland the protection substrate. In addition, the liquid crystal display apparatus further includes polarizing platesanddisposed at either side of the liquid crystal panelon which the protection substrateis provided; an illumination optical system irradiating the liquid crystal panelwith light h through one of the polarizing platesandand a projector lens projecting the light h that passes through the liquid crystal panel

Liquid crystal display apparatus having particular optical compensation layers

A composition comprises a solvent, and an electroconductive substance and an amphiphilic block copolymers having a polyalkenyl ether repeating-unit structure, or a block copolymer enclosing an electroconductive substance. A black ink composition comprises a fine particulate metal having an average particle diameter of not more than 20 nm, an amphiphilic block copolymer, and a solvent. A method for forming an electroconductive pattern by applying the composition. A method for forming an electroconductive pattern by applying a composition comprises a block copolymer enclosing an electroconductive substance, system to form an electroconductive pattern on the substrate.

Image-forming method employing a composition

A display apparatus of the invention which detects an obstacle put on a display unit, and modifies a place or manner of a display to be performed, comprising the display unit having a display surface; a detecting unit for detecting a display-obstructed area on the display surface where a display-obstructing factor is present; a shifting unit for shifting the area of displayed contents to a displayable area other than the display-obstructed area, when the display-obstructed area is detected; and a display control unit for displaying the displayed contents shifted by the shifting unit in the area other than the display-obstructed area.

Display apparatus and method of controlling display apparatus

A method for manufacturing an electron emission element comprising, between its electrodes, a conductive film having an electron emission section. The method comprising the steps of forming a gap in the conductive film located between the electrodes, and applying a voltage between the electrodes in an atmosphere that has an aromatic compound with a polarity or a polar group and in which the partial pressure ratio of water to the aromatic compound is 100 or less.

Method for manufacturing electron emission element, electron source, and image forming apparatus

A membrane structure employing a structure in which a lipid membrane is held by a hydrophilic polymer. The hydrophilic polymer layer contains an aqueous phase. There are functional molecules distributed selectively throughout each layer. The membrane structure is adaptable to applications as a separating agent, filler or delivery agent by performing physical and chemical operations.

Membrane structure

Two electric fields that are directed to respective directions rectangular relative to each other are selectively applied to polymer dispersed liquid crystal by means of electrodes arranged to sandwich the polymer dispersed liquid crystal and electrodes arranged along a substrate to uniformly orient the liquid crystal in either of the directions. While conventional polymer dispersed liquid crystal is adapted to utilize scatter of light in a randomly oriented state, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal of this invention is adapted to utilize a uniformly oriented state to improve the efficiency of scattering light. The present invention is also applicable to devices where polymer dispersed liquid crystal has a memory property.

Liquid crystal device

Electron emitting device, electron source, image forming apparatus, and method for manufacturing them

A liquid crystal apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel and drive means for driving the liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal panel includes a pair of oppositely disposed substrates each having an electrode thereon, an alignment film disposed over the electrode on at least one of the substrates, and a liquid crystal disposed between the substrates; the liquid crystal being composed of a plurality of liquid crystal layers each composed of a plurality of liquid crystal molecules. The drive means is suitable for applying to the liquid crystal an electric field insufficient to cause a switching of the liquid crystal but sufficient to cause a reversible change of the liquid crystal layers into a bookshelf structure. As a result, the liquid crystal panel can be provided with a good switching characteristic while effectively suppressing deleterious liquid crystal molecular movement.

Liquid crystal apparatus and display apparatus

An optical modulation element, in which a pixel surrounding a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer and an column shaped orientation layer is formed between a pair of electrodes. The orientation layer is formed by a high-molecular polymer in which an ultrafine granular conductive substance may be dispersed. External voltage applied across the electrodes in response to gradation signals performs gradation drivings.

Optical modulation element

An eliminator for eliminating microorganisms which catch and eat pollutant-degrading microorganisms from a region to be decontaminated in a soil is applied to the region to protect the pollutant-degrading microorganisms from being eaten, whereby a soil remediation effect can be enhanced.

Bioremediation process for polluted soil water system

A liquid crystal element includes a liquid crystal exhibiting spontaneous polarization, a pair of electrode substrates for sandwiching the liquid crystal therebetween, and insulating layers formed between the electrode substrates and the liquid crystal. A spontaneous polarization P.sub.s value, in nC/cm.sup.2, of the liquid crystal, an interelectrode composite capacitance Ci, in nF/cm.sup.2, of the insulating layers, and a voltage threshold value Vth, in volts, of optical response of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal element satisfy the following condition: ##EQU1##

Ferroelectric liquid crystal apparatus having a threshold voltage

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Atsugi, Japan

Tomoko Maruyama