Panasonic Corporation

Tomoko Ishida

Yuji Yamamoto

Masahiro Inoue

Makoto Nishimura

Kazuya Kondoh

Shigeru Shirai

Koji Yoshimoto

Hiroaki Fujii

Hideki Ohno

Shinji Fujii

Yoshiharu Shimada

Tomio Arikawa

Yasuhiro Kawamoto

Yoshiko Kurimoto

Toru Ueno

Shinichi Maruyama

Ryoichi Koga

A linear heater is formed of an enamel wire composed of a heating wire and an enamel layer. The heating wire is made of a copper alloy containing silver, for example. The enamel layer is made of polyester imide (PEI), polyimide (PI) or polyamide imide (PAI), for example. The enamel layer is coated with an insulating coating layer. The insulating coating layer is made of fluororesin such as perfluoroalkoxy mixture (PFA), polyimide (PI), or polyamide imide (PAI). The linear heater is bonded to the lower surface of an upper toilet seat casing such that it is sandwiched between a metal foil and a metal foil made of aluminum, for example.

Toilet seat apparatus

Growing community of inventors

Nara, Japan

Tomoko Ishida