Ricoh Company, Ltd.

Tomoharu Asano

Tetsuro Suzuki

Eiji Kurimoto

Toshihiro Ishida

Daisuke Nii

Hidetoshi Kami

Akihiro Sugino

Keisuke Shimoyama

Mitsuaki Hirose

Yuuji Tanaka

Ryota Inoue

Hiroshi Ikuno

Tetsuya Toshine

Yasuhito Kuboshima

Hideo Nakamori

Noboru Toriu

Nozomu Tamoto

Yohta Sakon

Masayuki Ishii

Masahiro Ohmori

Takaaki Ikegami

Naomichi Kanei

Michio Kimura

Ryohta Takahashi

Daisuke Kubo

Suzuka Nozoe

An electronic device includes: a support; a charge-transporting layer including a charge-transporting material, or a sensitizing-dye electrode layer including a sensitizing dye, where the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing-dye electrode layer is disposed on or above the support; and a metal oxide layer disposed on or above the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing-dye electrode layer. The metal oxide layer includes p-type semiconductor metal oxide and silica or metal oxide particles, and an amount of the silica or metal oxide particles included in the metal oxide layer is 0.5% by mass or greater but 1.5% by mass or less, relative to the metal oxide layer.

Electronic device and method for producing the same, image forming method, and image forming apparatus

An electronic device includes a support, a charge-transporting layer, a silicone-containing layer, and a metal oxide film. The charge-transporting layer includes a charge-transporting material or a dye-sensitizing electrode layer including a sensitizing dye. The charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing-dye electrode layer is disposed on or above the support. The silicone-containing layer is disposed on or above the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing-dye electrode layer. The metal oxide film is disposed on or above the silicone-containing layer. A ratio [Q(ACL)/Q(CTL)] is 10% or greater, where Q(ACL) is a time integral of a transient photocurrent waveform of an electronic device (ACL) measured by a time-of-flight method, and Q(CTL) is a time integral of a transient photocurrent waveform of an electronic device (CTL) measured by a time-of-flight method.

Metal oxide particles have p-type semiconductivity. The metal oxide particles have a volume-based particle size distribution having a first local maximum value and a second local maximum value. The first local maximum value is in a range of 0.1 μm or more and less than 5 μm, and the second local maximum value is in a range of 5 μm or more and less than 50 μm. A ratio of the second local maximum value to the first local maximum value is 0.5 or more and less than 2.0. 99% by volume or more of the metal oxide particles have a particle diameter in a range of from 0.1 to 50 μm.

Metal oxide particles having p-type semiconductivity, electronic device using the same, method for manufacturing electronic device, and image forming apparatus

Provided is a photoelectric conversion device including: a support; a charge-transporting layer including an organic charge-transporting material or a sensitizing dye electrode layer including an organic sensitizing dye, where the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing dye electrode layer is disposed on the support; and a ceramic film disposed on the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing dye electrode layer.

Photoelectric conversion device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

An electrophotographic photoconductor is provided. The electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer, and a surface layer containing fluororesin particles, non-fluororesin particles, and a cured resin. The fluororesin particles have an average particle diameter of from 0.01 to 0.3 &#x3bc;m in a cross-sectional image of the surface layer as observed by a scanning electron microscope with a magnification of 5,000 times, and when the cross-sectional image is segmented into uniform regions each being 1 &#x3bc;m&#xd7;4 &#x3bc;m, a standard deviation of areas each of which is occupied by the fluororesin particles and the non-fluororesin particles in each of the regions is 0.2 &#x3bc;mor less.

Electrophotographic photoconductor, image forming apparatus, and image forming method

Provided is an electrophotographic photoconductor including: a conductive support; an undercoat layer; and a photoconductive layer, wherein the undercoat layer and the photoconductive layer are provided over the conductive support in the order of reciting, wherein the undercoat layer contains at least metal oxide particles, a binder, and a salicylic acid derivative such as 4-methylsalicylic acid, wherein the metal oxide particles have a volume resistivity of 1&#xd7;10&#x3a9;&#xb7;cm or higher but 1&#xd7;10&#x3a9;&#xb7;cm or lower, wherein the undercoat layer has a volume resistivity of 0.001&#xd7;10&#x3a9;&#xb7;cm or higher but 0.02&#xd7;10&#x3a9;&#xb7;cm or lower, and wherein the undercoat layer has a thickness of 2 micrometers or greater but 20 micrometers or less.

Electrophotographic photoconductor, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

A photoconductor including a conductive support, an undercoat layer, a charge-generating layer, and a charge-transporting layer, at least the undercoat layer, the charge-generating layer, and the charge-transporting layer being disposed on the conductive support in an order mentioned, wherein the undercoat layer includes a binder resin and metal oxide particles, and the charge-generating layer includes a binder resin, a titanyl phthalocyanine pigment, and a salicylic acid derivative.

Photoconductor, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

An electrophotographic photoconductor including a support, an undercoat layer, and a photoconductive layer, the undercoat layer and the photoconductive layer being disposed on the support in an order mentioned, wherein the undercoat layer includes zinc oxide particles, a urethane bond-containing resin, and methylethyl ketone oxime, and the undercoat layer satisfies a formula below:10&#x3c;&#x3c;400&#x2003;&#x2003;(Formula)where M is a ratio (ppm) of the methylethyl ketone oxime included in the undercoat layer, and L is an average thickness (&#x3bc;m) of the undercoat layer.

A photoconductor is provided. The photoconductor includes a support, an undercoat layer overlying the support, and a photosensitive layer overlying the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer includes a binder resin and a zinc oxide particle. The photosensitive layer includes a compound represented by the following formula (1): where each of Rand Rindependently represents an alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

A photoconductor includes an electroconductive substrate; an undercoat layer overlying the electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer includes a urethane resin, a metal oxide particle and a compound having the following formula (1): wherein R1 to R8 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a saturated or an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, an alkoxy group optionally having a substituent, an aryloxy group optionally having a substituent, a sulfo group optionally having a substituent, an amino group, a dialkylamino group optionally having a substituent or an diarylamino group optionally having a substituent; and R3 and R4, R4 and R5, R6 and R7, and R7 and R8 may be bonded with each other to form an aromatic ring.

A photoconductor including: a conductive support; an undercoat layer; and a photoconductive layer, the undercoat layer being disposed over the conductive support, the photoconductive layer being disposed over the undercoat layer, wherein the undercoat layer includes zinc oxide particles, wherein when a film thickness of the undercoat layer is 20 &#x3bc;m, the undercoat layer has transmittance of 50% or more to light having a wavelength in a range of 500 nm or more but 800 nm or less, wherein a lowest transmittance of light is 85% or less in the range, and wherein when an electric field of 5 V/&#x3bc;m is applied to the undercoat layer, volume resistivity of the undercoat layer is 1.0&#xd7;10&#x3a9;&#xb7;cm or more but 5.0&#xd7;10&#x3a9;&#xb7;cm or less at an environment of 23&#xb0; C. and 55% RH.

Provided is a photoconductor including a conductive support, an intermediate layer containing metal oxide particles, and a photoconductive layer. The intermediate layer and the photoconductive layer are provided over the conductive support in the order of reciting. An elastic power (We/Wt value) of the intermediate layer is greater than or equal to 20.0% but less than 35.0%. A Martens hardness (HM) of the intermediate layer is greater than or equal to 350 [N/mm] but less than 450 [N/mm].

Photoconductor, electrophotographic method, electrophotographic apparatus, and electrophotographic process cartridge

A electrophotographic photoconductor is provided. The electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive support, an undercoat layer overlying the conductive support, and a photosensitive layer overlying the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer includes a metal oxide particle, binder resin, and a compound having a urea group.

An electrophotographic photoconductor including a support, an undercoat layer overlying the support, and a photosensitive layer overlying the undercoat layer is provided. The undercoat layer includes zinc oxide particles and a binder resin. The undercoat layer has a voltage (V)-current (I) characteristics such that, when S1 is a value obtained by integrating current (I [A]) in terms of voltage (V [V]) from 0 to a distribution voltage V[V] distributed to the undercoat layer, and S2 is a value obtained by integrating a line connecting two points at a voltage (V [V]) of 0 and the distribution voltage V[V] in terms of voltage (V [V]) from 0 to the distribution voltage V[V], S1 is within a range of from 1.0&#xd7;10to 1.0&#xd7;10and a ratio (S1/S2) of S1 to S2 is 0.50 or less.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a substrate, an undercoat layer overlying the substrate, and a photosensitive layer overlying the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer includes a binder resin, a metal oxide particle and a compound having a thiol group.

Growing community of inventors

Kanagawa, Japan

Tomoharu Asano