Google Inc.

Thorvald Natvig

Yingjie He

James Frederick Mattly

A method includes obtaining a query to perform an operation on a tuple of a plurality of tuples stored at a database. Each respective tuple assigned a respective transaction identifier (ID) from a set of transaction IDs. The set of transaction IDs includes a subset of unavailable transaction IDs each currently assigned to one of the tuples and a subset of available transaction IDs each currently unassigned to any tuple. The method also includes assigning one of the available transaction IDs to the tuple based on the query and determining an oldest transaction ID age from the set of transaction IDs. The method also includes determining that the oldest transaction ID age satisfies a threshold and performing a garbage collection process on the database based on determining that the oldest transaction ID age satisfies the threshold.

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Thorvald Natvig