Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft

Johns Manville

Thomas Stehlin

Josef Salbeck

Hermann Schenk

Donald Lupo

Jurgen Theis

Willi Kreuder

Roland Stern

Werner Groh

Werner Prass

Tetsu Yamamoto

Klaus Mullen

Akihiko Tokida

Kenji Motosugi

Yuan Liu

Shizuo Ogura

Ullrich Scherf

Martin Bruck

Marcellus Peuckert

Tilo Vaahs

Ude Scheunemann

Andreas Brockmeyer

Peter Herbrechtsmeier

Jochen Coutandin

Hans Vowinkel

Jörg Lehnert

Arno Wolf

Martin Kreyenschmidt

Joachim Huber

Hetero-spiro compounds of the formula (I),

Hetero-spiro compounds and their use as electroluminescence materials

A conjugated polymer comprising repeating units of the formula (I), ##STR1## where the symbols and indices have the following meanings: .PSI. is an element of the 4th main group of the Periodic Table with the exception of carbon;

Conjugated polymers containing heterospiro atoms and their use as

Use of polymers containing isolated chromophores as electroluminescence

Use of spiro compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## where K.sup.1 and K.sup.2 are, independently of one another, conjugated systems, in electroluminescence devices. Preferred compounds of the formula (I) are 9,9'-spirobifluorene derivatives of the formula (II) ##STR2## where the benzo groups can be substituted independently of one another. Compounds of the formula (I) have a good solubility in customary organic solvents, improved film-forming properties and a significantly reduced tendency to crystallize. The production of electroluminescence devices is thereby made easier and their service life is increased.

Spiro compounds and their use as electroluminescence materials

The present invention pertains to a film for detecting chemical substances comprising a homopolymer or a copolymer having recurring units represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X is --H, --F, --Cl, --Br, --CH.sub.3, --CF.sub.3, --CN or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 ; and R.sup.1 is --R.sup.2 or --Z--R.sup.2 ;

Polymer films for detecting chemical substances

Conjugated polymers containing hetero-spiro atoms and their use as

Poly(4,5,9,10-tetrahydropyrene-2,7-diyl) derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## where the symbols R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 have the following meanings: R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are identically or variously H, a straight-chain or branched alkyl chain containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms, it being possible for one or more nonadjacent CH.sub.2 groups also to be replaced by --O--, --COO--, --OOC-- and/or phenylene, aryl or aryloxy groups, it being possible for the aromatic to be substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alkoxy, Br, Cl, F, CN, and/or NO.sub.2, Br, Cl, F, CN, NO.sub.2, or carboalkoxy containing 2 to 23 carbon atoms; n is 10 to 150, are suitable as electroluminescence materials.

Poly(4,5,9,10-tetrahydropyrene-2,7-diyl) derivatives and their use as

Conjugated polymers containing ansa substructures and their use as electroluminescence materials. Conjugated polymers containing ansa substructures, which contain aromatic groups and in which adjacent aromatic groups are connected to one another in such a way that one ring atom of one aromatic group is directly linked to one ring atom of the other aromatic group and any further linkages of these two aromatic groups are possible only via a bridge containing at least one tetravalent carbon atom and/or heteroatom. The polymers of the invention having ansa substructures are outstandingly suitable as electroluminescence materials, since they have a very high color purity.

Conjugated polymers containing ANSA substructures and their use as

Conjugated polymers comprising recurring units of the formula (I), ##STR1## A, B, C, D are identical or different and are each from one to fifteen identical or different arylene and/or heteroarylene and/or vinylene groups which, like the spirobifluorene skeleton itself, may be unsubstituted or substituted;

Conjugated polymers having spiro centers and their use as

An optical sensor for detecting gaseous or liquid chemical species including a sensing element having a flat light reflecting substrate and one or more transparent thin films which are organic or inorganic films or high-polymer films and are formed on the substrate. The detection of the gaseous or liquid chemical species is effected by measuring a change in the light reflection characteristic of the sensing element based on swelling of the thin film or a change in its thickness or refractive index or changes in both parameters.

Interference enhanced optical sensor for detecting chemical species

A transparent molded article for optical applications made from silicon nitride and a coating thereon of oxidic silicon nitride formed by chemical reaction of the silicon nitride with oxygen. The moldings can be shaped, depending on the area of application, to give various articles, for example optical waveguides, prisms, sensor elements or lenses, and are used in all areas where high optical demands are made.

Optical waveguide moldings made from silicon nitride and a method of

A process for the preparation of optical materials from silicon nitride by pyrolysis of polymeric silazanes, by pressing the pulverulent polymeric silazanes to give moldings before the pyrolysis or first dissolving the polymeric silazanes in an organic solvent, drawing fibers from this solution and pyrolyzing these fibers after evaporation of the solvent, or by melting polymeric silazanes, casting, injection-molding or extruding this melt to give moldings and subsequently pyrolyzing the moldings. An oxidic coating is produced on the silicon nitride molding in an oxygen-containing atmosphere during or after the pyrolysis. The pyrolysis can be carried out at 800.degree.-1000.degree. C. in an atmosphere containing ammonia or an ammonia/inert gas mixture.

Optical moldings made from silicon nitride, and a process for their

In a process for the production of an optical coupler for polymeric optical fibers using ultrasound welding, the fibers are warmed, before the welding, to a temperature of from 50.degree. to 250.degree. C. for from 0.2 to 3 hours. The polymeric optical fibers are introduced into a plastic tube which melts with the fibers during the welding operation to form a unit. In another embodiment, a connector bar which has the same refractive index as the core material of the polymeric optical fibers can be inserted into the plastic tube, the polymeric optical fibers are brought into contact with the connector, and the plastic tube, the connector bar and the fibers are welded to one another under the action of ultrasound.

Process for the production of an optical coupler for polymeric optical

A detector for detecting invisible radiation and charged particles is composed of at least one radiation-absorbing panel and at least one optical waveguide arranged parallel to the surface of said panel and containing a fluorescent dyestuff. The luminescent light produced in the panel by the absorbed radiation is converted into a fluorescent radiation in the optical waveguide conducted to a photosensitive semiconductor component by total reflection and measured at that point.

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Kriftel, Germany

Thomas Stehlin