Hughes Aircraft Company

Rosen Motors, L.p.

Thomas Hudspeth

Harmon H Keeling

Fritz Steinberg

Harold A Rosen

Richard V Basil, Jr

Brian R Jensen

Barry S Ross

David S Kaplan

A field control system for a wound rotor synchronous motor-generator used in electrically powered automobiles is capable of optimizing the performance of the motor-generator for all driving conditions. Using a rotary transformer to transmit power across the rotational boundary, it has no wearing parts and is silent. Preferably, the field control system has common elements with the controller which generates the stator currents of the synchronous motor-generator.

Wound rotor synchronous motor-generator and field control system therefor

A diplexer (14) has a first rectangular waveguide (38) extending from a front port (16) to a back wall (70), the back wall having a rectangular opening (72) therein constituting a section of a second rectangular waveguide (20) and serving as a back port (18) of the diplexer. A first spectral region of electromagnetic power communicates between the front port and a side port (28), and a second spectral region of electromagnetic power communicates between the front port and the back port. A center frequency of the second spectral region is greater than a center frequency of the first spectral region by a factor greater than or equal approximately to two. The side port includes an aperture (126) disposed in a sidewall (42) of the first waveguide, a third waveguide (32), and a coupling element (128) extending from the third waveguide through the aperture into the first waveguide for coupling electromagnetic power at the first spectral region between the first and the third waveguides. Coupled resonators (112, 124) disposed within the third waveguide provide a bandpass filter characteristic at the first spectral region, and inhibit propagation of electromagnetic power at the second spectral region between the first and the second waveguides. Within the inner conductor are two spaced apart cylindrical elements (100, 112) constituting plates of a capacitor (102).

Octave band gap diplexer

A diplexer for processing polarized energy at separate transmit and receive frequencies. The nature of the polarization may be circular, linear or elliptical depending upon the phasing associated therewith. The diplexer comprises a waveguide having first and second ports disposed at opposite ends thereof. A symmetrical bandpass resonator arrangement is disposed around the periphery of the waveguide and couples energy at the receive frequency out of the waveguide. A symmetrical bandstop resonator arrangement is also disposed around the periphery of the waveguide and filters energy at the receive frequency to prevent coupling of received energy to the second port. The bandpass resonators of each of the resonator arrangements generally include tuning members that control the amount of energy coupled from the waveguide and that adjust and balance the polarization components of the energy to maintain the polarization state thereof. A plurality of tuning rings may be diposed adjacent to the first port that compensate for the impedance mismatch caused by external components coupled to the waveguide. A tuning ring may also be provided at the second port that compensates for impedance mismatch caused by the resonator arrangements. The diplexer is generally an overmoded structure that permits the propagation of higher order modes in the received energy. The symmetry provided in the bandpass resonator arrangement inhibits or prevents the excitation of these higher order modes and hence received energy not coupled out of the diplexer through the second port. Similarly, the symmetrical nature of the bandstop resonator arrangement also inhibits scattering of higher order modes and hence improves the performance of the diplexer.

Transmit and receive diplexer for circular polarization

A feed horn employing a novel compensator design which substantially reduces off-axis cross polarized components of circularly polarized energy over a wide range of angular directions. The compensator comprises a plurality of L-shaped compensating conductors disposed in a generally symmetrical fashion about a longitudinal axis of the feed horn. The conductors extend inwardly from the output aperture of the feed horn and then radially outwards a predetermined distance away from the axis toward the horn sidewall. The conductors are disposed at an angle relative to the axis, which angle is generally defined by an cone whose apex is the same as the apex of the feed horn. A nonconducting support structure supports the conductors within the feed horn. A dielectric matching member is disposed in the feed horn to eliminate unwanted energy reflections.

Compensated microwave feed horn

A high efficiency envelope amplifier is disclosed. The invention includes a power supply, a comparator and several switches. The power supply is capable of providing multiple outputs. The comparator measures the amplitude of an input signal against one of several threshold levels. When the input signal is within a predetermined range, a selected power supply output is switched incrementally switches small amounts of power, switching losses are substantially mitigated.

Envelope amplifier

A wideband microwave diplexer is provided which includes a waveguide section characterized by a longitudinal dimension, and defining first and second longitudinally spaced ports, for propagating microwave power substantially within a first lower frequency band between said first port and said second port; coupling resonator means for coupling microwave power substantially within a second higher frequency band between said waveguide section and a coaxial transmission line; and band stop filter means for substantially preventing microwave power substantially within the second frequency band from propagating to said second port.

Wideband microwave diplexer including band pass and band stop resonators

A microwave multiplexer has a set of independently tuneable signal channels coupled to a common waveguide. Each of the channels has input and output 3 dB couplers which are joined by cylindrical radiators carrying circularly polarized waves. Both TE and TM waves are propagated within a plurality of resonant cavities within each of the filters. Coupling between the cavities is provided by an array of slots and an array of probes wherein the slots couple TE waves and the probes couple TM waves. Adjustment of the slots and the probes provides for independent coupling coefficients for the two propagation modes. A set of coaxial line probe structures connect between the input and output couplers to end cavities of a filter for the launching of TM waves, there being discs in the end cavities adjacent the probes for converting energy of a TM wave to a TE wave, thereby providing both the TM and the TE wave propagation. There results a greater versatility in the coupling allowing for greater compaction of signal channel with reduced weight and bulk to the multiplexer.

Microwave multiplexer with multimode filter

A switch (11) for a square coaxial network includes a lower housing (13), a rotor assembly (21), alternative transmission lines (19), and an upper housing (15) with a main transmission line (17). The rotor assembly includes a rotor (23) for selectively coupling the main transmission line to a selected alternative transmission line. The rotor is coadapted with each transmission line for resonant coupling therewith. A conductive shield (29) rotates with the rotor and isolates it from the unselected alternative transmission lines. A low-friction dielectric guide (25) helps provide proper spacing and coupling of the rotor and the square center conductor (35) of the selected alternative transmission line. A low-friction dielectric bushing (27) serves a similar function for the rotor and the center conductor of the main transmission line.

Squarax switch

A modulator system for converting a three-channel input microwave signal to a single-channel output microwave signal is formed of two microwave sections which are joined together at both their inputs and their outputs by hybrid circuits, one of which serves as a power divider and the other which serves as a power combiner. Each of the microwave sections includes a pair of couplers which are joined by a Faraday rotator. First and second microwave input signals are applied to a first port of an input coupler in each of these sections. A third microwave signal is connected by the hybrid divider to a second input port in the input couplers of each of the microwave sections. Polarization of the third signal is vertical and is maintained through the two sections. Polarization of the first and second signals is horizontal and is maintained through the two sections. With activation of the rotator, a shift in polarization occurs resulting in appearance of the signals in both the horizontal and vertical components of an output coupler in each of the sections. The vertical component of the output couplers in each of the sections is combined by the hybrid combiner to produce the single-channel microwave signal. Synchronous detectors are utilized for subsequent extraction of the first and second input signals, the synchronous detectors and the Faraday rotators being driven by common sources of modulation signals wherein the rotator in one section in modulated at a rate different from the rotator in the second section.

Ferrite modulator assembly for beacon tracking system

A hybrid coupler is of the type known as a transverse electromagnetic mode, coupled transmission line coupler. The hybrid coupler is formed within a plate of metal by milling out channels of square cross-sections therein. The walls of the channels serve as outer conductors of coaxial lines, there being inner conductors of square cross-section positioned within the channel. A diagonally disposed window crosses the intersection of the ports and includes a separator. The central conductors of the respective coaxial lines are joined by diagonally disposed segments of inner conductor such that each pair of coaxial lines is so joined. Each pair of lines provides a pair of ports. The line segments are spaced apart by a spring-loaded separator for rigidly maintaining a coupling distance.

Square conductor coaxial coupler

An adapter of a coaxial transmission line to a waveguide is provided for connecting the waveguide to a microwave circuit of coaxial lines which is formed by milling out the lines within a plate of a soft metal. The coaxial transmission lines are of rectangular, preferably square, cross-section with the outer conductors thereof being provided by the walls of the channel. The inner conductors of the coaxial lines are rod-shaped, the inner conductors also being of rectangular or square cross-section. An aperture is provided in an outer wall of the coaxial line. A stem connects with an inner conductor and passes through the aperture to extend outwardly therefrom. A waveguide is positioned with its propagation axis parallel to the stem, the waveguide enclosing the stem and being secured to the outer walls of the coaxial lines. The stem is placed adjacent the inner wall of the waveguide, but spaced apart therefrom to support a transverse electromagnetic wave. A dipole element of planar shape extends transversely of the waveguide and is secured at an edge thereof to the terminus of the stem. The dipole element launches a propagating mode of wave within the waveguide while receiving its energization from the transverse electromagnetic wave propagating along the coaxial line and along the stem.

Coaxial line to waveguide adapter

A crossover for a microwave circuit constructed within a plate includes intersecting square-shaped coaxial transmission lines, each of which is formed by machining channels within the plate, with square-shaped central members disposed along the axes of the channels and insulated from the side walls thereof. The plate is made of an electrically conducting material to provide for the structure of a coaxial line of which the members thereof have a rectangular, preferably square-shaped, cross-section. At the intersection of two of the transmission lines, a septum is placed, the septum being parallel to the plane of the plate. The septum is located halfway between the top and the bottom portions of the channels. An inner, or central, conductor segment of reduced cross-section is slung beneath the termini of rod-shaped members in one line so as to pass beneath the septum and to provide for the structure of a coaxial transmission line beneath the septum. A corresponding conductor segment is located above the septum and disposed on termini of the central conductor members of the other one of the intersecting transmission lines. A cover encloses the channels of the plate. The crossover segment of the second transmission line passes between the cover and the septum to provide the structure of a coaxial line between the cover and the septum. Matching structures in the form of a miter at the end of each center conductor reduces reflection at the junction of the segment at the septum with the balance of the transmission line. The foregoing segments are approximately one-quarter wavelength of the microwave frequency.

Coaxial transmission line crossing

Apparatus for processing microwave signals at two predetermined frequencies. Signals at a first predetermined frequency are received or transmitted at one end (input port) of a microwave transmission line whose other end is utilized as a common output port for transmitting and receiving signals at both predetermined frequencies. A band rejection portion is provided which comprises first and second rejection resonators orthogonally disposed along the transmission line at two predetermined positions. A bandpass portion, comprised of a plurality of collinearly aligned bandpass resonators, is disposed at a third predetermined position along the transmission line. Signals at a second predetermined frequency are transmitted or received at a second input port which is part of the bandpass portion. All resonators are capacitively coupled together and to the transmission line. Signals at both predetermined frequencies may be applied to the first and second input ports and are combined in the transmission line by the filtering action of the resonators. Conversely, signals having both predetermined frequencies may be applied to the output port and separated in the transmission line such that signals at the first predetermined frequency are provided at the first input port and signals at the second predetermined frequency are provided at the second input port. Also, signals at one frequency may be transmitted by way of the diplexer while signals at the second frequency are received thereby, or vice-versa.

Microwave diplexer

A wideband synchronously pumped parametric amplifier is described that features minimum time delay along with wide bandwidth, a low noise figure and cost for advantageous use in receivers designed to receive television signals from a satellite through a relatively small antenna, the amplifier obtaining maximum bandwidth by the use of two diodes in parallel and two double-tuned circuits, where the diode capacities are large enough to swamp parasitic and coupling capacitances.

Balanced synchronous parametric amplifier

A TEM-mode transmission line switch coupling essentially all input power at a first port to a fourth port when in its uncoupled position and coupling a predetermined significant fraction of the input power to a second port with the remainder coupled to the fourth port when in its coupled position, the switch including a relatively wide spaced parallel transmission line section with a rotatable conductive vane disposed between the parallel lines to allow coupling of power between the lines in the coupled position and inhibit such coupling in the uncoupled position.

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Malibu, CA, United States of America

Thomas Hudspeth