Daf Trucks N.v.

Asml Netherlands B.v.

Thijs Adriaan Cornelis Van Keulen

Willem Herman Gertruda Anna Koenen

Ramidin Izair Kamidi

Hendrikus Herman Marie Cox

Ignace Theodorus Maria Van Den Heuvel

A monitoring system and method for detecting clogging through fouling of an air filter () of an internal combustion engine () comprising a differential pressure sensor means () for determining a differential pressure between an ambient environment and a position directly downstream of the air inlet filter. The system further comprising at least one exhaust flow sensor means () for determining the exhaust flow, and a controller () which is communicatively connected to each of the sensor means for processing information therefrom. The controller is arranged for determining a first filter resistance coefficient based on, at least, a measurement of the differential pressure, and the exhaust flow. The system is arranged for, using the controller, to calculate a second filter coefficient based on the historic evolution of the first filter coefficient, the controller further arranged for comparing the second filter coefficient to a boundary value, and generating a clogging alarm signal when the second filter coefficient exceeds said boundary value.

Monitoring system, method and vehicle comprising such a system, for detecting clogging through fouling of an air filter of an internal combustion engine

A method of determining a desired relative position between a first object of a lithographic apparatus and a second object of the lithographic apparatus. Generating a measurement signal representing a position of the first object relative to the second object, at an initial relative position. Determining a gradient associated with the initial relative position, based on the measurement signal. Determining a position set point based on the gradient and wherein the position set point comprises a three-dimensional dither signal. Controlling the position of the first object relative to the second object to a further relative position, based on the position set point.

Method of controlling a position of a first object relative to a second object, control unit, lithographic apparatus and apparatus

According to the invention, a method for air path control of a combustion engine is provided, comprising an EGR valve and a VGT turbine. The method comprises providing a cost function of a measured delta pressure between engine intake and exhaust manifold; determining a gradient of the cost function as a function of a delta pressure set point, determining a gradient of a constraint function for estimated NOx emission level, turbine rate; and oxygen level as a function of delta pressure; real time controlling the NOx emission level and delta pressure to respective desired NOx and delta pressure set points by adjusting the EGR valve and/or the VGT turbine, wherein the delta pressure set point is adjusted according to an integration of a selected gradient direction of the cost function selected from the determined one or more of the gradients, wherein the determined gradients are prioritized in the order of turbine rate, oxygen level and NOx emission level; and wherein NOx emission level and or a turbine rate and or oxygen levels are constrained; and wherein the adjusted delta pressure set point is perturbed in an extremum seeking operation on the cost function.

Adaptive engine control

According to the invention, a method and system for estimating fresh air flow into a turbocharged engine () is provided. A controller () arranged to determine an actual fresh air mass flow in subsequent time frames by measuring, in an actual time frame, a pressure drop over a compressor () and using a first calculated fresh air mass flow as a starting value for deriving a second fresh air mass flow in said time frame from a compressor model using the measured pressure drop and a compressor rotational speed. In a previous time frame, before said actual time frame, a pressure drop is measured over an air treatment device. A pressure drop is estimated over the air treatment device () using the second fresh air mass flow and an estimated flow resistance of the air treatment device. Subsequently, the second fresh air mass flow is corrected by comparing the estimated pressure drop with the measured pressure drop over the air treatment device and using the corrected second fresh air mass flow as an actual fresh air mass flow in said time frame.

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Eindhoven, Netherlands

Thijs Adriaan Cornelis Van Keulen