L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme a Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude

L'air Liquide, Soci&#xe9;t&#xe9; Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Proc&#xe9;d&#xe9;s Georges Claude

L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des

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Thierry Legiret

Laurent Rio

Thierry Borissoff

G&eacute;rard Le Gouefflec

Mahendra L Joshi

Olivier Charon

Harley A Borders

Bernard Labegorre

Jacques Dugue

Rémi Pierre Tsiava

Eric Streicher

Lahcen Ougarane

Dominique Robillard

Robert Plessier

Olivier Louedin

St&eacute;phane Arnoux

Jean-Christophe Fave

A method of combustion and a burner assembly wherein at least one fuel and at least one oxidizer are injected separately. The oxidizer comprises a primary oxidizer stream and a secondary oxidizer stream. The primary oxidizer stream is divided into at least two portions. One portion is injected close to the fuel whereby generating a first incomplete combustion. The second portion is injected downstream of the first injection point with the fuel source consisting of the remaining uncombusted fuel of the first incomplete combustion in addition to the fuel. The secondary oxidizer stream is injected downstream from the primary oxidizer stream, whereby resulting in combustion with the unreactive fuel gases remaining from the first combustion.

Combustion method comprising separate injections of fuel and oxidant and burner assembly therefor

To reduce the overall size of and to simplify the supply for three-tube burners, and to allow easier interchangeability with two-tube burners, the burner (Br) comprises an inlet ( ) for a fuel and a fuel feed tube ( ) connected to this fuel inlet, an inlet ( ) for an oxidizer and two oxidizer feed tubes ( ) connected to this oxidizer inlet, and a control valve ( ) for controlling the distribution of the oxidizer between the two oxidizer feed tubes ( ). By means of this burner, and more specifically of the control valve ( ), the distribution of the oxidizer between the two oxidizer feed tubes ( ) may be continuously adjusted.

Three-tube burner for furnaces, especially glass and metallurgical furnaces, and method of injecting fuel and oxidizer by means of such a burner

An oxy-fuel burner generates a long, luminous, stable and adjustable flame temperature profile flame by incorporating separate, fuel and oxygen jets oriented in a unique geometry. In one preferred embodiment, the fuel is injected horizontally at medium injection velocity (50-200 m/s) while primary oxygen is injected underneath the fuel jet at supersonic velocity (300-500 m/s). The supersonic velocity oxygen jet (20 to 50% required for stoichiometric combustion) entrains fuel and furnaces gases in it's core for the primary flame development over the furnace load. The subsequent mixing of the fuel, primary oxygen and entrained furnace gases establish a low NOx, stable, long and luminous primary flame. The secondary oxidant, preferably air or low purity oxygen (50 to 80% of stoichiometric needs), is injected above the flame using one or more oxygen jets to create an oxy-fuel flame with adjustable flame characteristics. The secondary oxidant completes unfinished combustion of flame gases containing CO, H , CH , soot and HC. The horizontal injection angle for all jets allow delayed mixing and a much longer flame. Due to the massive furnace gas entrainment process, the resulting flame provides adjustability in flame temperature profile as well as lower NOx formation. By changing the fuel, primary oxygen, and secondary oxidant injection velocities, the relative proportion of primary and secondary oxidants, and the relative positions of injectors, a fully adjustable flame is developed.

Oxygen-fuel burner with adjustable flame characteristics

Provided is a burner which includes a pipe having a free end region designed to be housed in a furnace quarl. The pipe includes one or more fuel feed ducts surrounded over part of their length by a sheath which defines an oxidizer feed channel and is fastened to a flange. A jacket is disposed around at least part of the length of the end region so as itself to be housed in the quarl and to define a feed channel for a second oxidizer between the jacket and the internal wall of the quarl. The jacket is fastened to a flange for securing to the quarl and the flange for the sheath is fastened to that for the jacket. The burner has particular applicability in industrial furnaces, especially for melting non-ferrous materials, for rehearing or for annealing.

Stabilized-flame aerogas/oxygas burner and quarl block fitted with such a burner

The invention relates to a method for heating a furnace comprising at least one burner capable of operating on an oxidant the oxygen content of which can vary; in a first period (P,) the burner is supplied with practically pure oxygen so as to provide a large amount of energy for heating, in a second period (P,) the burner is supplied with an oxidant, the oxygen content of which can vary between about 100% and 21%, in a third period (P,), the burner is supplied with an oxidant, the oxygen content of which is minimal, and which corresponds to a pilot period which requires only a small amount of heating energy. This method makes it possible to optimize the use of the furnace according to the desired thermal performance and oxidant operating costs.

Method for heating a furnace

Combustion process and its uses for the production of glass and metal

In a process for manufacturing glass in a furnace a glass charge in solid form is introduced into a furnace-charging zone at an upstream part of a furnace. The glass charge is moved from the furnace-charging zone to a zone for removing the combustion smoke from the furnace downstream from the furnace-charging zone. The glass charge is moved from the zone for removing combustion smoke to a charge-melting zone downstream from the furnace-charging zone and located substantially in a middle of the furnace and heated by at least one burner. The glass charge is moved from the charge-melting zone to a charge-refining zone downstream from the charge-melting zone. The glass charge is brought to a desired temperature and viscosity in the charge-refining zone. The glass charge is removed from the furnace after the glass charge has been brought to the desired temperature and viscosity. The glass charge, after it has been removed from the furnace, is moved into a feed channel of glass-forming machines. Energy is delivered to the glass charge in the furnace-charging zone in an amount between 5% and 40% of a total energy delivered to the glass charge in the furnace. Energy is delivered to the glass charge throughout the entire furnace such that energy delivery is uniformly distributed over an entire length of the furnace so as to avoid exceeding a crown temperature at a hot spot of the furnace of greater than approximately 1620.degree. C., and so as to maintain a temperature in the furnace-charging zone, measured in a crown of the furnace, at least equal to 1430.degree. C.

Process for improving the thermal profile of glass ovens

Provided is a process for the production of a loop-shaped flame in a glass furnace. The furnace includes, in a rear part, a glass melting zone heated by injecting through at least one port a fuel gas and an oxidizer gas having more than 50 vol % of oxygen and, in a front part, a glass refining zone. The process involves defining a stoichiometry coefficient Ks of the flame in the melting zone or the refining zone according to the following formula: ##EQU1## The oxidizer gas and the fuel gas injected through at least the first port are adjusted to obtain a stoichiometry coefficient Ks in the glass melting zone equal to at most 0.8. A fuel-oxidizer mixture is injected into the refining zone to obtain a stoichiometry coefficient Ks in the refining zone which is greater than the stoichiometry coefficient Ks in the melting zone and which is between 0.8 and 1.5. An oxidizer gas is injected into the melting zone in the vicinity of a fume discharge zone to obtain a quantity of oxygen in the fumes of between 0.5 and 3% by volume. The invention has particular applicability to end-fired furnaces with recuperators in which the blocking of the recuperator makes it necessary to employ ports with oxygen during the blocking of the recuperator, to maintain output at an acceptable volume.

Process for the conversion of a glass furnace with the aid of a

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Toussus le Noble, France

Thierry Legiret