Johns Hopkins University

Theodore O Poehler

Richard S Potember

Peter C Searson

Jeffrey Gilbert Killian

Dwaine O Cowan

Jennifer Giaccai

Haripada Sarker

Richard C Benson

Yosef Gofer

Robert R Oberle

Brendan M Coffey

Walkiria S Schlindwein

Yossef Gofer

A method of manufacture of an electrode formed from at least one electrically conductive polymer having a lower, polymerization potential than p-doping peak. The method of manufacture of the electrode including a conditioning step which results in remarkably high charge capacities and excellent cycling efficiency. The provision of these polymeric electrodes further permits the manufacture of an electrochemical storage cell which is substantially free of metal components, thereby improving handling of the storage cell and obviating safety and environmental concerns associated with alternative secondary battery technology.

Method for electrochemical conditioning polymeric electrodes

An electrochemical storage cell or battery including as at least one electrode at least one electrically conductive polymer, the polymer being poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-3-fluorophenylene), poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-2,5-difluorophenylene), poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylene), or poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-benzene). These polymeric electrodes have remarkably high charge capacities, and excellent cycling efficiency. The provision of these polymeric electrodes further permits the electrochemical storage cell to be substantially free of metal components, thereby improving handling of the storage cell and obviating safety and environmental concerns associated with alternative secondary battery technology.

Electrochemical storage cell containing at least one electrode

An electrochemical storage cell or battery including as at least one electrode at least one electrically conductive polymer, the polymer being poly (3(2-fluorophenyl)thiophene), poly(3(3-fluorophenyl) thiophene), poly(3(2,4-fluorophenyl) thiophene), poly(3(3,4-difluorophenyl) thiophene), poly(3(3,5-difluorophenyl) thiophene), or poly(3(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)thiophene). These polymeric electrodes have remarkably high charge capacities, and excellent cycling efficiency. The provision of these polymeric electrode further permits the electrochemical storage cell to be substantially free of metal components, thereby improving handling of the storage cell and obviating safety and environmental concerns associated with alternative secondary battery technology.

This invention provides a method for producing a quasi-solid state charge storage device capable of being repeatedly charged and discharged, having one or more electrochemical cells with a structure capable of being stacked or combined to form primary or secondary battery devices, each cell composed entirely of an ionically conducting gel polymer electrolyte layer separating opposing surfaces of electronically conducting conjugated polymeric anode and cathode electrodes supported on lightweight porous substrates; a method of forming conjugated polymers into large area composite electrode structures with practical levels of charge storage capacity; and a quasi-solid state charge storage device produced by the above methods.

Completely polymeric charge storage device and method for producing same

The charge transfer apparatus of the present invention comprises an optical storage medium of either a mixture of several charge transfer compounds of varying redox potential or a single amphoteric organic charge transfer compound capable of undergoing a multistage charge transfer reaction, and a source of optical energy, typically a laser. When the optical energy illuminates a spot on the optical storage medium, the spot switches to one of a plurality of optically detectable states.

Multistate optical switching and memory apparatus using an amphoteric

Optical devices using an organic charge transfer salt as the switching and storage media are disclosed. Generally, a light beam of a given intensity directed to a film of certain organic charge transfer salts causes the illuminated area to change from a first to a second state. This electrochemical process is reversible with heat energy transforming the illuminated area back into the first state. The first and second states have identifiably different optical and electrical properties. The organic charge transfer salt is used to fabricate an erasable or permanent optical memory and a threshold on bistable optoelectronic switch.

Optical storage and switching devices using organic charge transfer salts

An enhanced optically sensitive medium is disclosed which uses an organic charge transfer complex as the switching material. The organic charge transfer complex includes at least one moiety in an oxidized state. An enhancement mechanism is taught which provides a secondary source of neutral molecules of said at least one constituent moiety in the neutral or altered oxidation state. For example, with CuTCNQ used as the switching material, the erasing characteristics can be improved by using a covering dispersion having a matrix polymer interspersed with neutral molecules of TCNQ.degree..

Enhanced optically sensitive medium using organic charge transfer

A multistate organic optical storage medium is disclosed, wherein an optical beam can switch any 'data storage spot' on said optical storage medium into three or more memory states. The optical storage medium may consist of a mixture of bistate switching modules, or it may consist of large delocalized amphoteric molecules. The illuminated area of said optical storage medium will undergo an electrochemical topactic redox reaction which will cause certain moieties in the illuminated area to change oxidation state. By changing the intensity of the optical 'write' beam the illuminated area can be switched to a plurality of specific states each state having a unique set of oxidation species. An optical/spectroscopic means is used to identify the presence of oxidation species and to 'read' the data stored.

Multistate optical switching and memory using an amphoteric organic

A current-controlled, bistable threshold or memory switch comprises a polycrystalline metal-organic semiconductor sandwiched between netallic electrodes. Films of either copper or silver complexed with TNAP, DDQ, TCNE, TCNQ, derivative TCNQ molecules, or other such electron acceptors provide switching between high and low impedance states with combined delay and switching times on the order of 1 nanosecond. Switching behavior of a complex of the present invention is related to the reduction potential of the acceptor molecule.

Electrical organic thin film switching device switching between

A current-controlled, bistable threshold or memory switch comprises a polycrystalline metal-organic semiconductor sandwiched between metallic electrodes. Films of either copper or silver complexed with TNAP, DDQ, TCNE, TCNQ, derivative TCNQ molecules, or other such electron acceptors provides switching between high and low impedance states with combined delay and switching times on the order of 1 nanosecond. Switching behavior of a complex of the present invention is related to the reduction potential of the acceptor molecule. Various other modifications, adaptations and alterations are of course possible in light of the above teachings. Therefore, it should be understood at this time that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

Method of fabricating a current controlled bistable electrical organic

A current-controlled, bistable threshold or memory switch comprises a polycrystalline metal-organic semiconductor sandwiched between metallic electrodes. Films of either copper or silver complexed with TNAP, DDQ, TCNE, TCNQ, derivative TCNQ molecules, or other such electron acceptors provides switching between high and low impedance states with combined delay and switching times on the order of 1 nanosecond. Switching behavior of a complex of the present invention is related to the reduction potential of the acceptor molecule.

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Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Theodore O Poehler