3m Innovative Properties Company

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company

Other

Theodore J Szczech

Kenneth L Smith

Gerald M Benson

Susan K Nestegard

James E Lasch

Cheryl M Frey

John C Kelliher

Bruce D Orensteen

Toshitaka Nakajima

Jane Jeong Trenka

Mark D Fiegen

Norbert L Johnson

A pedal extension, step, and footrest serves as a lightweight briefcase that is portable from piano to piano by a child, and yet enables small pianists to properly use the damper pedal on a piano. The simplicity of the footrest and pedal extension enables a child to operate it without the need for adult supervision. Moreover the inventive footrest and pedal extension universally fits modern pianos.

Portable pedal extension, step, footrest, and briefcase for small pianists

A reflective article has a structured surface which includes a first and second array of reflective elements. The first array includes elements which have at least a first, second, and third reflecting face arranged to retroreflect incident light in a retroreflected beam. The second array includes elements which have at least a fourth, fifth, and sixth reflecting face arranged to reflect incident light in a second beam at an observation angle greater than 2 degrees. In signing applications, the second beam can be light originating from a stationary light source, the second beam having a direction and beam width suitable for illuminating an observation zone of interest. The retroreflected beam can be light originating from a moving light source such as a vehicle headlamp. Sheeting comprising such an article can be used both where external lighting from a suitable stationary light source is available and where it is not available.

Dual use reflective article

A reflective article has a structured surface which includes geometric structures each having at least three specularly reflecting faces which converge at an apex or other extremity. The article is marked with a plurality of spots located between the extremities, the spots having different reflectivity characteristics than the specularly reflecting faces. The geometric structures can comprise cube corner elements. The spots can be diffusely reflecting and distributed uniformly on the structured surface or distributed to define a particular pattern. The article can have a plurality of first active areas at a first illumination geometry, and the spots can be sized and positioned such that they avoid the first active areas. The article can have first inactive areas adjacent the first active areas, and each spot can cover a majority of one inactive area. Alternatively, at least some of the spots can be decentered within their respective inactive areas such that they are visible in retroreflected light only at selected illumination geometries, thereby forming a directional image.

Cube corner article with altered inactive areas and method of making same

A cube corner retroreflective sheeting construction comprising alternating zones of cube corner element arrays disposed at approximately ninety degrees orientations to provide exactly two principal plane of improved retroreflective performance in response to light incident on the sheeting at high entrance angles is disclosed. According to one embodiment the sheeting includes a body layer which has an elastic modulus less than 7.times.10.sup.8 pascals and cube corner elements formed from a material which has an elastic modulus greater than 16.times.10.sup.8 pascals. According to a second embodiment the sheeting includes an overlay film having two major surfaces and comprising a first polymeric material and a plurality of arrays of substantially independent cube corner elements bonded to a major surface of the overlay film having a minimal, fractured land.

Dual orientation retroreflective sheeting

The present invention provides an improved cube-corner retroreflective article that exhibits a wide range of retroreflective angularity in multiple viewing planes. The present invention provides cube-corner retroreflective elements having a decreased size, as measured by the height of the cube corner, thereby decreasing the amount of canting required to achieve a given angularity. Alternatively, angularity can be enhanced by leaving the degree of canting constant and decreasing the size of the cube corner.

Retroreflective material with improved angularity

Growing community of inventors

Woodbury, MN, United States of America

Theodore J Szczech