Robert Boschgmbh

B.a.t. Cigarettenfabriken Gmbh

Theodor Gast

Kurt Binder

Gunter Honig

Hans Kubach

Uwe Kiencke

Alfred Schulz

Rudolf Nagel

Bernward Boning

Manfred Boruschewitz

Heinz Theuerkauf

Hans-Joachim Hamisch

Manfred Boruschweitz

Hans J Hamisch

Karl Nolte

Karl-Ulrich Kramm

Kuhne Manfred

For monitoring the end dropout of cigarettes in the course of the cigarette production beneath a point at which the cigarettes rotate about their longitudinal axis a mass transducer for the dropping tobacco particles is disposed; an evaluating device determines from the mass of the tobacco particles on the one hand and the number of cigarettes passing through on the other the average end dropout. The mass transducer includes a vertically movably resiliently mounted pushrod which is held in its desired position by an electromagnetic return system. The magnitude of the current supplied to an electromagnetic return system represents a measure of the mass of the collected tobacco particles.

Device for monitoring the end dropout of cigarettes

A magnetic valve in which two cylindrical soft-iron cores are provided which are disposed parallel to one another. The soft-iron cores are each surrounded by a coil. An armature of magnetically conductive material which carries a valve body is caused to move inside the soft-iron cores. Between the two coils, an axially magnetized permanent magnet is disposed in circular-annular fashion. The soft-iron cores have a magnetic short-circuit connecting them with one another.

Magnetic valve

An electromagnetically excited vibrator with arms carrying baffle members at their ends that are immersed in the flow to be measured is mounted at one or more vibration nodes to reduce loss of vibratory energy to the casing of the flow meter. A flat magnetically conducting cross shape can be mounted at a node in the middle, provided each cross beam of the cross is vibrated in flexure, and the two cross beams vibrate in phase opposition (counter stroke). Such a vibrator is excited by a similarly crossed pair of E-shaped cores with exciter and secondary windings on the middle legs of the cores, or by a coaxial re-entrant core with permanent magnet wafers set in the rim at respective locations separated by an air gap from the arms of the cross. In each case the vibrator can be firmly affixed to the central leg or legs of the core. A two-ended rod system can be excited by magnetostriction, operating differentially on a split middle portion of the core, while the latter is supported at two nodes located between the split middle portion and the respective ends that carry baffle members. Evaluation circuits in all cases measure the vibration damping caused by fluid flow.

Vibrator damping flow meter

The mass flow rate of a fluid, for example a gas or air, for example passing through a duct or the like, is determined by placing a vibrating element in the path or stream of air flow, and measuring the damping thereof due to the air flow; the damping can easily be measured, in accordance with the invention, by connecting the vibrating element in a circuit having a servo system including a controlled variable amplifier and a comparator, such as a proportional-integral (PI) controller (14) comparing the signal on the vibrating element with a reference establishing a vibrating amplitude and, in turn, controlling the amplification of the variable amplification amplifier (8) to maintain a constant amplitude of vibration, the control signal controlling the variable amplification amplifier being a measure of the damping, and hence of mass flow rate. To eliminate damping due to extraneous conditions, such as clamping of the mechanical vibrating elements, connection of electrodes and the like, an alternating current (10a) can be fed to the vibrating element, the alternating current having a frequency which is high with respect to the vibration frequency, and then being filtered out by a band-pass filter (17) tuned to the alternating current frequency, the level of the signal across the vibrating element being subtracted from the overall damping signal to thereby eliminate errors due to inherent damping of the mechanical system independent of fluid flow.

Mass flow meter with vibration sensor

An axially magnetized cylindrical permanent magnet has a valve plug projection at one end for seating in a valve seat. It moves axially within a cavity, provided by two cup cores of ferromagnetic material, which is bisected by a medium ring that has an aperture allowing the permanent magnet to slide within it. Each cup core has a re-entrant central pole, one of which carries the valve seat and is bored to provide one valve port. Windings between the re-entrant poles and the core shells are concurrently energized in such a way as to produce like poles at the re-entrant pole faces, so that one will repel the permanent magnet and the other will attract it. A pulse of current is sufficient to open or close the valve and may be followed by a reverse pulse to brake the plug in order to reduce wear. The permanent magnet force holds the plug in either end positon when there is no current.

Electromagnetic valve with a plug member comprising a permanent magnet

A flexure vibrator clamped at one end and oriented in a direction perpendicular to the direction of oscillations produced at its clamped end mounting by knocks in an engine to which the sensor is affixed, is provided with a magnetostrictive body which generates electrical signals in response to vibrations of the vibrator. The vibrator may be made of magnetostrictive material and its upper and lower halves may be of opposite polarity, a result that may be obtained by folding over a strip of magnetic material on itself at one end or the other. A vibrating body of material that is not magnetostrictive may have a magnetostrictive body associated with it. If the magnetostrictive material has no remanence, a magnetic bias may be applied by an additional coil or by a permanent magnet. Sensitivity is improved if damping signals in phase opposition to the vibration-produced signals are applied from the time that the knock signals die away until the next engine spark, with damping applied to one diagonal of a bridge of which the detector coil is one arm and the detected signal being taken off from the other diagonal of the bridge.

Magnetostrictive engine-knock sensor

A metallic reed clamped against a piezoelectric element, and free to oscillate at its other end, generates electrical signals in a piezoelectric element which is held between clamp surfaces in fixed relation to an engine part which transmits engine knock vibrations to the sensor assembly. The reed is oriented perpendicular to the vibratory motions of the engine part on which it is mounted, so that vibrations of the reed will be excited thereby, and these will deform the piezoelectric element to generate signals. The entire assembly can be enclosed in a transverse bore in the head of a cylinder head screw.

Piezoelectric engine-knock sensor

In order to detect the occurrence of engine knock (pinging, detonation), a piezoelectric sensor is mounted on the engine in a location where the oscillations due to engine knock are readily transmitted. The detector is a strip or strips of piezoelectric material mounted in cantilevered configuration in a clamping device. An advantageous location for the sensor is a bore within one of the cylinder head bolts of the engine. A variety of embodiments is described including the provision of seals for permitting the introduction of a damping fluid in the receiver bore for the sensor.

Oscillation sensor, particularly combustion engine knock sensor

In order to suppress the train of detector oscillations after the disappearance of the engine knock phenomenon, the invention provides a piezoelectric oscillator which is set into vibration by engine knock and includes circuitry for applying signals of opposite polarity to the oscillator at times when no engine knock is expected. Accordingly, the output of the piezoelectric engine knock detector is used only in a relatively narrow time interval during the combustion cycle. In the remaining interval, the circuit switches over to a configuration where the oscillations of the piezoelectric oscillator are damped. The construction of the invention makes it possible to discriminate between different cylinders of a multi-cylinder engine and to assign the knock phenomenon to particular engine cylinders. A number of embodiments is presented.

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Berlin, Germany

Theodor Gast